Question 1

This organelle is studded with ribosomes that are synthesizing proteins.

Accepted Answer

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that is studded with ribosomes that are synthesizing proteins.

Question 2

These perform special functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction.

Accepted Answer

Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform distinct processes necessary for cellular growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

Question 3

This is comprised of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar materials.

Accepted Answer

The centrosome is composed of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material, which is involved in organizing microtubules in the cell.

Question 4

These are small flattened curved membranous sacs with bulging edges.

Accepted Answer

Cisternae are small, flattened, curved membranous sacs with bulging edges, typically found in the Golgi apparatus.

Question 5

One type of human cell, the sperm, is capable of movement because it has this projection of the cell surface with a core of microtubules.

Accepted Answer

A flagellum is a long, whip-like projection of the cell surface that is used for movement. It is composed of a core of microtubules, which are long, thin protein filaments.

Question 6

Which of these is the name for the extension of the plasma membrane that will surround a microbe outside a macrophage?

Accepted Answer

Pseudopods are extensions of the plasma membrane that engulf microbes during phagocytosis by macrophages.

Question 7

Which of these terms describes transport of a substance into, across, and out of cell using vesicles, a process most often seen in endothelial cells such as those lining the blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Transcytosis is the process of transporting molecules across the interior of a cell via vesicles, commonly seen in endothelial cells lining blood vessels.

Question 8

Proteasomes ___.

Accepted Answer

Proteasomes are responsible for degrading faulty or misfolded proteins within the cell, not for extracellular digestion, autophagy, autolysis, or degrading DNA.

Question 9

Mitochondria ___.

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are organelles that generate ATP, the cell's energy currency.

Question 10

This is a transport process by which cells secrete vesicular materials into the extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis is the process by which cells secrete vesicular materials into the extracellular fluid.

Question 11

Which of these is NOT a function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi complex does not digest material; this is a function of lysosomes. The Golgi complex is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 12

This is an organelle that modifies proteins produced elsewhere.

Accepted Answer

The Golgi complex modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 13

In this transport process, the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients.

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to move substances against their concentration gradients across a membrane.

Question 14

Which organelle oxidizes organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisomes are organelles that contain enzymes to oxidize organic molecules, breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.

Question 15

Which organelle recycles worn out organelles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down and recycle worn-out organelles and cellular debris.

Question 16

This organelle is comprised of all three of these elements: microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules.

Accepted Answer

The cytoskeleton is the organelle that includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, providing structural support and facilitating cell movement.

Question 17

This is a transport process by which cells take up extracellular substances within vesicles.

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf extracellular substances within vesicles, bringing them into the cell.

Question 18

If the solute concentration is greater in the solution on the inside of a human red blood cell, compared to the solute concentration of the solution that is outside the cell, then what direction will water move?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell because it moves from an area of lower solute concentration (outside) to an area of higher solute concentration (inside) to achieve equilibrium.

Question 19

The function of the cytosol is ___.

Accepted Answer

The cytosol is the fluid component of the cytoplasm where many metabolic chemical reactions occur.

Question 20

In this transport process, the energy stored in the Na⁺ or H⁺ concentration gradient is used to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients.

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport uses the energy stored in the concentration gradient of ions like Na⁺ or H⁺, created by primary active transport, to move other substances against their concentration gradients.

Quiz 3: The Cellular Level of Organization