Question 1

Prevertebral ganglia are located

Accepted Answer

Prevertebral ganglia are situated in front of the vertebral column.

Question 2

A structure that is said to resemble a pearl necklace is a

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic trunk is often described as resembling a pearl necklace due to the series of ganglia (the "pearls") connected by nerve fibers (the "string").

Question 3

The prevertebral ganglion that receives axons that originate in the L1-L2 segments of the spinal cord is the ________ ganglion.

Accepted Answer

The inferior mesenteric ganglion receives sympathetic fibers from the L1-L2 segments of the spinal cord.

Question 4

Which sympathetic pathway involves a preganglionic neuron that synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion, but the postganglionic axon does not leave the trunk via a gray ramus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which sympathetic pathway involves a preganglionic neuron...

Question 5

White rami communicantes carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk.

Accepted Answer

White rami communicantes are responsible for carrying preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the spinal nerves T1-L2 to the sympathetic trunk, where they can synapse or travel to other levels.

Question 6

There are ________ prevertebral ganglia.

Accepted Answer

There are 3 prevertebral ganglia: the celiac, the superior mesenteric, and the inferior mesenteric ganglia. These are part of the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic system, and are located anterior to the vertebral column.

Question 7

The sympathetic division pathway that results in innervation of the pelvic organs has its spinal cord segment origin in

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic innervation of the pelvic organs originates from the spinal cord segments T10-L2. These segments provide the sympathetic outflow that influences the function of pelvic organs.

Question 8

Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to

Accepted Answer

Gray rami communicantes carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic trunk to all spinal nerves, allowing the distribution of sympathetic innervation to the entire body.

Question 9

Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the

Accepted Answer

Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate all of these organs.

Question 10

The superior mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the ________ segments of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The superior mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic...

Question 11

The postganglionic axons from the superior mesenteric ganglion innervate

Accepted Answer

The postganglionic axons from the superior mesenteric ganglion innervate a portion of the small intestine, the distal half of the duodenum, and part of the pancreas. They also innervate the proximal part of the large intestine, making all choices correct.

Question 12

Once inside the sympathetic trunk, the sympathetic preganglionic axons

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic preganglionic axons can follow any of the routes listed: they may remain at the level of entry, travel superiorly, or travel inferiorly within the sympathetic trunk.

Question 13

The sympathetic postganglionic axons from the superior cervical ganglion innervate
A: Sweat glands in the head
B: Sweat glands in the palms
C: Smooth muscle of blood vessels in the head
D: Smooth muscles of blood vessels in the antebrachial region
E: Superior tarsal muscle of the eye
F: Submandibular salivary gland

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sympathetic postganglionic axons from the superior...

Question 14

Sympathetic splanchnic nerves are composed of

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic splanchnic nerves are composed of preganglionic sympathetic axons that pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing and synapse in prevertebral ganglia.

Question 15

Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the

Accepted Answer

Gray rami communicantes are unmyelinated fibers that carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to spinal nerves.

Question 16

The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic...

Question 17

Which sympathetic pathway involves only a preganglionic axon going to the effector organ?

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla pathway involves only a preganglionic axon that directly innervates the adrenal medulla, which then releases hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 18

Which sympathetic pathway is responsible for activating the esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

The postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway is responsible for activating the esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels. This pathway involves the release of neurotransmitters from the sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord, which then directly innervate these organs.

Question 19

The sympathetic trunk ganglia are primarily composed of

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic trunk ganglia primarily contain the somas (cell bodies) of ganglionic neurons, which are part of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 20

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the

Accepted Answer

The specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the major abdominal arteries around which they are found, reflecting their anatomical locations.

Quiz 15: Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System