Question 1

John is a securely attached infant. His mother is likely all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A securely attached infant typically has a caregiver who is involved, in synchrony, and appropriately responsive, but not one who is depressed, as depression can interfere with these positive interactions.

Question 2

When reunited with their mothers in the "strange situation," which type children are fairly easily consoled and soon resume playing?

Accepted Answer

Securely attached children are easily consoled by their mothers and quickly return to playing after being reunited in the "strange situation" experiment.

Question 3

Across multiple countries, the mothers' sensitivity to her infant's _____ is very important in the formation of attachment.

Accepted Answer

Mothers' sensitivity to their infant's distress is crucial in forming a secure attachment, as it helps the infant feel understood and supported.

Question 4

According to Bowlby, infants achieve a firm, reciprocal emotional relationship with caregivers, and this relationship helps the infant cope with increasing frequent and lengthy separations. Because of infants' growing symbolic capacities, parent-child attachments begin to serve as ____________ that can guide their interactions with caregivers and others.

Accepted Answer

Bowlby's attachment theory suggests that infants develop an internal working model, which is a mental representation of their relationship with their caregiver. This model guides their future interactions and expectations in relationships.

Question 5

Ainsworth and her colleagues identified four primary attachment statuses. Which of the following is one of these types?

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth identified four primary attachment styles: secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized. Avoidant is one of these types.

Question 6

In the "strange situation," ____________ children tend to be upset, even in their mother's presence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the "strange situation," ____________ children tend...

Question 7

All of the following has been associated with the development of insecure attachment except:

Accepted Answer

Increased maternal responsiveness is generally associated with secure attachment, not insecure attachment.

Question 8

A mental model that children construct as a result of their experiences with their caregivers and that they use to guide their interactions with their caregivers and others is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

An internal working model is a cognitive framework comprising mental representations for understanding the world, self, and others, developed through interactions with caregivers.

Question 9

What is the basic purpose of the "strange situation" procedure?

Accepted Answer

The "strange situation" procedure, developed by Mary Ainsworth, is designed to assess the quality of attachment relationships between infants and their caregivers by observing the infant's reactions to separations and reunions with the caregiver in a controlled setting.

Question 10

The term internal working model is associated with which theoretical perspective on attachment?

Accepted Answer

Bowlby's ethological theory of attachment introduces the concept of the internal working model, which refers to the mental representations of self and others that guide future relationships.

Question 11

In the absence of their mothers in the "strange situation," which children are as likely to be comforted by a stranger as they would be by their mothers?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant children often do not show a preference between a caregiver and a stranger, indicating they might be comforted by a stranger as much as by their mothers.

Question 12

American middle-class children display behavior classified as "securely attached" in the "strange situation" about what percent of the time?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that approximately 65% of American middle-class children display "securely attached" behavior in the "strange situation" experiment.

Question 13

Children rated as falling into the ____________ category of attachment are indifferent to the presence of their mother in the "strange situation," while children in the ____________ category stay close to their mother and appear anxious even when she is near.

Accepted Answer

Children in the avoidant category show indifference to their mother's presence, while those in the resistant category are anxious and clingy.

Question 14

In avoidant attachment, as measured in the "strange situation":

Accepted Answer

In avoidant attachment, infants show little distress when their mothers leave and avoid or ignore them upon return, indicating a lack of seeking comfort.

Question 15

Research on the patterns of attachment has been greatly influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on the patterns of attachment has...

Question 16

Which category of attachment is used to describe children who appear to have no coherent, organized method for dealing with the stress they experience in the strange situation?

Accepted Answer

Disorganized attachment is characterized by a lack of a consistent or organized strategy for dealing with stress, often resulting in confused or contradictory behaviors.

Question 17

Children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months are ____________ likely to engage in positive play behaviors in the preschool years than children who were insecurely attached as infants.

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment in infancy is associated with better social and emotional outcomes, including more positive play behaviors in preschool years.

Question 18

In considering the continuity of attachment, scientists have found that:

Accepted Answer

Attachment classification in infancy has been found to be related to attachment relationships in early adulthood, indicating continuity in attachment patterns over time.

Question 19

Alan Sroufe and his colleagues have reported that when children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months of age are assessed at ages 10 and 15, they show all of the following characteristics when compared to other children EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is more closely related to social and emotional development rather than cognitive abilities like intelligence test scores.

Question 20

Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues studied attachment in human infants using:

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues used the "strange situation" procedure to study attachment in human infants, which involved observing the child's reactions to separations and reunions with their caregiver in a controlled environment.

Quiz 6: Social and Emotional Development in Infancy