Question 1

Heuristics are
A)errors that people make over and over and that result in poor decision making.
B)rules of thumb that simplify decision making.
C)the tendency to base decisions on strong prior beliefs.
D)a pattern of biased decision making.
E)the tendency to overestimate one's own ability to control activities and events.

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are mental shortcuts or "rules of thumb" that simplify decision making, allowing people to make quick judgments and decisions.

Question 2

________ are intrapreneurial managers who leave their current organizations because of a lack of opportunity and start their own companies.
A)Satisficing managers
B)Social entrepreneurs
C)Entrepreneurs
D)Product champions
E)Devil's advocates

Accepted Answer

Entrepreneurs are individuals who start their own companies, often because they see opportunities that are not available within their current organizations. Intrapreneurial managers who leave to start their own ventures fit this description.

Question 3

What could a manager do to promote individual creativity in an organization?
A)A manager could closely monitor all employee actions.
B)A manager should reward decision-making speed.
C)A manager can give employees space to experiment.
D)A manager must restrain from providing feedback on ideas.
E)A manager should set specific performance goals requiring employees to demonstrate creativity.

Accepted Answer

Giving employees space to experiment allows them to explore new ideas and approaches, fostering an environment where creativity can thrive.

Question 4

Yin observes that several of his employees have valuable creative talent. What could Yin do to promote individual creativity?
A)Pressure employees to deliver creative solutions quickly.
B)Tone down the importance of vital issues.
C)Reward employees who come up with creative ideas.
D)Redirect employees who are wasting time on outlandish ideas.
E)Promptly rank all ideas to discourage thinking that is too far from norms.

Accepted Answer

Rewarding employees who come up with creative ideas encourages and motivates them to continue being creative, fostering an environment where creativity is valued and nurtured.

Question 5

Building a(n)________ is NOT easy and requires that managers change their management assumptions radically.
A)learning organization
B)administrative model
C)intuitive organization
D)heuristic organization
E)classical model

Accepted Answer

A learning organization is an organization that is constantly learning and adapting to its environment. This requires that managers change their management assumptions radically, as they need to be open to new ideas and ways of doing things.

Question 6

When making nonroutine decisions, how do managers tend to view their decision-making skills?
A)Managers tend to lack confidence in nonroutine decisions.
B)Managers usually learn from their mistakes
C)Managers tend to be overconfident about their intuition and judgments.
D)Most managers believe they are more prone to making bad decisions than others.
E)Managers tend to make programmed decisions and delegate nonroutine decisions.

Accepted Answer

Managers often exhibit overconfidence in their intuition and judgments when making nonroutine decisions, believing in their ability to handle unique situations effectively.

Question 7

Rosa's Pizzeria recently learned its cheese supplier will be retiring within the month. To quickly identify a new supplier among the numerous options, Rosa plans to evaluate three companies and make the best decision based on that sample. Rosa is using a(n)________ strategy to make this decision.
A)entrepreneurial
B)ambiguous
C)programmed
D)groupthink
E)satisficing

Accepted Answer

Rosa is using a satisficing strategy, which involves choosing an option that meets the minimum criteria or is "good enough," rather than searching for the optimal solution. This is often used when time or resources are limited.

Question 8

While home from college one summer, Jerome rallied his friends to make and deliver sandwiches to homeless individuals in their town. The one-time effort was so well-received, Jerome worked to solicit cash and grocery donations from local businesses so that the following summer his group was able to make deliveries weekly. Jerome could be considered a(n)
A)social entrepreneur.
B)intrapreneur.
C)product champion.
D)skunkworks specialist.
E)devil's advocate.

Accepted Answer

Jerome can be considered a social entrepreneur because he initiated a project that addresses a social issue (helping the homeless) and worked to sustain and expand the effort through resource mobilization.

Question 9

When encouraging creativity via the nominal group technique,
A)a questionnaire is sent to the group members to gather ideas.
B)group members meet face-to-face and begin by vocalizing ideas without evaluation.
C)group members exchange ideas online.
D)group members critique each proposed alternative as it is presented.
E)group members write down their ideas before sharing them with the group.

Accepted Answer

In the nominal group technique, group members first write down their ideas individually before sharing them with the group to encourage creativity and minimize the influence of dominant individuals.

Question 10

Rachel believes strongly that her alternative to a problem is the best solution. When lobbying for her solution with the team, she focuses only on aspects of the evaluation document consistent with her claims. What is Rachel demonstrating?
A)confirmation bias
B)representativeness bias
C)illusion of control
D)production blocking
E)devil's advocacy

Accepted Answer

Rachel is demonstrating confirmation bias, which is the tendency to focus on information that confirms one's preconceptions or beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence.

Question 11

Li believes his destiny is in his own hands and is open to taking risks and trying new things. He is very confident in his abilities and has a strong drive to achieve success for himself. Li demonstrates characteristics of a(n)
A)intuitive decision maker.
B)entrepreneur.
C)social entrepreneur.
D)devil's advocate.
E)middle manager.

Accepted Answer

Li's confidence, willingness to take risks, and drive to achieve success are typical characteristics of an entrepreneur.

Question 12

Roberta noticed some opportunities to increase literacy in her community so she pursued volunteer support and a government grant to establish an education program. This is an example of
A)entrepreneurship.
B)social entrepreneurship.
C)intrapreneurship.
D)skunkworks.
E)personal mastery.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of social entrepreneurship because Roberta is identifying and pursuing opportunities to create social value, specifically by increasing literacy in her community.

Question 13

While facilitating a brainstorming session, Raul noticed periods of confusion and silence during which participants seemed unable to process the many ideas being floated. The efficiency of Raul's decision-making process was thereby limited due to the effects of
A)production blocking.
B)satisficing.
C)groupthink.
D)systematic errors.
E)escalating commitment.

Accepted Answer

Production blocking occurs when individuals in a group are unable to express their ideas or process others' ideas due to interruptions or the overwhelming number of ideas being presented, leading to confusion and silence.

Question 14

During a performance review discussion, Simone stated that she "could not evaluate Bob too highly." Brenda interpreted Simone's comments as favorable, but Stan believed she was indicating low performance. Simone's statement illustrates the problem of
A)groupthink.
B)bounded rationality.
C)intuition.
D)ambiguous information.
E)uncertainty.

Accepted Answer

Simone's statement is an example of ambiguous information because it can be interpreted in multiple ways, leading to different understandings by Brenda and Stan.

Question 15

Meghan is tasked with leading a project team to quickly prototype an innovative product idea and accelerate its time to market. The team will operate independently of other development groups and report directly to the CEO. Meghan's project is an example of
A)a dialectical inquiry.
B)production blocking.
C)entrepreneurship.
D)a skunkworks.
E)an escalating commitment.

Accepted Answer

A skunkworks is a small, independent team tasked with working on innovative projects, often with a high degree of autonomy and direct reporting to top management, similar to Meghan's project.

Question 16

After realizing that members of his rural community regularly drove over 15 miles for a touchless car wash, Ethan took out a small business loan and partnered with a local gas station to provide the service locally. Ethan exhibited traits of a(n)
A)entrepreneur.
B)devil's advocate.
C)learning organization.
D)product champion.
E)intrapreneur.

Accepted Answer

Ethan exhibited traits of an entrepreneur by identifying a business opportunity in his community and taking the initiative to start a new venture to meet that demand.

Question 17

To avoid groupthink and minimize bias, an organization can use ________ to have separate groups of managers propose solutions to a problem before coming together to critique each solution and arrive at an even better option.
A)production blocking
B)devil's advocacy
C)skunkworks
D)dialectical inquiry
E)classical decision making

Accepted Answer

Dialectical inquiry involves having separate groups propose solutions independently and then come together to critique and combine ideas, which helps avoid groupthink and bias.

Question 18

Jaleel's work group meets face-to-face and generates numerous alternatives to a product issue, many of them radical and a few out of the box. After identifying all alternatives, the group discusses the pros and cons of each and agrees on a short list of the best solutions. Jaleel's group is using ________ as part of its decision-making process.
A)the Delphi technique
B)dialectical inquiry
C)brainstorming
D)a nominal group technique
E)devil's advocacy

Accepted Answer

Brainstorming involves generating a wide range of ideas and alternatives, often including radical and out-of-the-box solutions, before evaluating and selecting the best options.

Question 19

________ is a written approach to creative problem solving by a group.
A)The Delphi technique
B)Production blocking
C)Brainstorming
D)Nominal group technique
E)Devil's advocacy

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is a written approach to creative...

Question 20

Alaina anticipated some controversy getting managers from different functional teams to agree on the best course of action. She convened the managers face-to-face, and after presenting the issue at hand, gave them each 30 minutes to jot down their ideas and solutions. After discussing each idea in turn, each manager ranked the solutions and the one with the highest ranking was selected. Alaina used ________ to facilitate the decision making.
A)the Delphi technique
B)production blocking
C)brainstorming
D)the nominal group technique
E)the illusion of control

Accepted Answer

The nominal group technique involves individuals generating ideas independently, discussing them as a group, and then ranking the solutions to reach a decision.

Quiz 7: Decision Making, Learning, Creativity, and Entrepreneurship

Heuristics are

________ are intrapreneurial managers who leave their current organizations because of a lack of opportunity and start their own companies.

What could a manager do to promote individual creativity in an organization?

Yin observes that several of his employees have valuable creative talent. What could Yin do to promote individual creativity?

Building a(n) ________ is NOT easy and requires that managers change their management assumptions radically.

When making nonroutine decisions, how do managers tend to view their decision-making skills?

Rosa's Pizzeria recently learned its cheese supplier will be retiring within the month. To quickly identify a new supplier among the numerous options, Rosa plans to evaluate three companies and make the best decision based on that sample. Rosa is using a(n) ________ strategy to make this decision.

When encouraging creativity via the nominal group technique,

Rachel believes strongly that her alternative to a problem is the best solution. When lobbying for her solution with the team, she focuses only on aspects of the evaluation document consistent with her claims. What is Rachel demonstrating?

Li believes his destiny is in his own hands and is open to taking risks and trying new things. He is very confident in his abilities and has a strong drive to achieve success for himself. Li demonstrates characteristics of a(n)

Roberta noticed some opportunities to increase literacy in her community so she pursued volunteer support and a government grant to establish an education program. This is an example of

While facilitating a brainstorming session, Raul noticed periods of confusion and silence during which participants seemed unable to process the many ideas being floated. The efficiency of Raul's decision-making process was thereby limited due to the effects of

During a performance review discussion, Simone stated that she "could not evaluate Bob too highly." Brenda interpreted Simone's comments as favorable, but Stan believed she was indicating low performance. Simone's statement illustrates the problem of

Meghan is tasked with leading a project team to quickly prototype an innovative product idea and accelerate its time to market. The team will operate independently of other development groups and report directly to the CEO. Meghan's project is an example of

After realizing that members of his rural community regularly drove over 15 miles for a touchless car wash, Ethan took out a small business loan and partnered with a local gas station to provide the service locally. Ethan exhibited traits of a(n)

To avoid groupthink and minimize bias, an organization can use ________ to have separate groups of managers propose solutions to a problem before coming together to critique each solution and arrive at an even better option.

________ is a written approach to creative problem solving by a group.