Question 1

The parafollicular cells of the thyroid are stimulated by FSH released from the anterior pituitary.

Accepted Answer

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid, also known as C cells, produce calcitonin and are not stimulated by FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone). FSH primarily acts on the gonads to stimulate follicular growth in the ovaries and spermatogenesis in the testes.

Question 2

In a short negative feedback loop, a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary inhibits the release of its own releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

In a short negative feedback loop, the tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland indeed inhibits the secretion of its corresponding releasing hormone from the hypothalamus, thereby reducing the secretion of the tropic hormone itself in a regulatory feedback mechanism.

Question 3

Hormones transported in blood bound to proteins are metabolized more slowly than those traveling dissolved in plasma.

Accepted Answer

Hormones that are bound to transport proteins in the blood are generally metabolized and excreted more slowly than hormones that are freely dissolved in plasma. This binding extends the half-life of the hormones, allowing them to remain active in the body for longer periods.

Question 4

The secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary is controlled by hypothalamic tropic hormones.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus produces tropic hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its own hormones, which in turn regulate various body functions and other endocrine glands.

Question 5

Insulin -like growth factors are secreted by the liver and function to promote tissue growth.

Accepted Answer

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly IGF-1, are primarily produced by the liver in response to growth hormone stimulation and play a crucial role in promoting tissue growth and development by mediating the effects of growth hormone.

Question 6

Drinking the contents of an apple in the form of apple juice will cause a greater spike in serum glucose, and a subsequently greater insulin release, than by eating the apple in its natural state.

Accepted Answer

When you drink apple juice, the sugar in the juice is absorbed more quickly into the bloodstream compared to eating an apple in its natural state, which contains fiber that slows down sugar absorption, leading to a greater spike in serum glucose and a subsequently greater insulin release.

Question 7

Lipophilic hormones may be temporarily stored in adipose tissue, thereby affecting free levels of the hormone in the blood.

Accepted Answer

Lipophilic hormones, due to their fat-soluble nature, can be stored in adipose tissue, which can affect their free levels in the bloodstream by acting as a reservoir that can release the hormone slowly over time.

Question 8

The zona fasciculata secretes both androgens and glucocorticoids.

Accepted Answer

The zona fasciculata, a layer of the adrenal cortex, primarily secretes glucocorticoids (like cortisol) but also produces androgens in smaller amounts.

Question 9

The magnitude of response at the target cell depends on both the concentration of hormone and the concentration of receptor.

Accepted Answer

The magnitude of response in a target cell is influenced by the concentration of the hormone (which determines how much of the hormone is available to interact with receptors) and the concentration of receptors on the target cell (which determines how many hormones can be bound and elicit a response).

Question 10

Regulation of insulin release by blood glucose levels is an example of humoral control of hormone secretion.

Accepted Answer

Insulin release is regulated by the concentration of glucose in the blood, which is a classic example of humoral control, where changes in the composition of the extracellular fluid (such as blood glucose levels) directly regulate the secretion of hormones.

Question 11

The release of LH and FSH by the anterior pituitary is under control of the same hypothalamic tropic hormone.

Accepted Answer

The release of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) by the anterior pituitary is regulated by GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) from the hypothalamus.

Question 12

All hormones of the adrenal cortex are steroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

Question 13

The hormone thymosin is released from the thyroid gland.

Accepted Answer

Thymosin is released from the thymus gland, not the thyroid gland.

Question 14

The only non -peptide/protein tropic hormone is dopamine.

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is not a peptide or protein hormone.

Question 15

Secondary endocrine organs include the heart, liver, kidneys, stomach, duodenum, and skin.

Accepted Answer

Secondary endocrine organs release hormones as a secondary function, in addition to their primary functions, which include roles in digestion, excretion, and other processes.

Question 16

The hypothalamus is connected to the posterior pituitary by the hypothalamic -pituitary portal system.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is connected to the posterior pituitary via nerve fibers, not the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system, which connects it to the anterior pituitary.

Question 17

Growth hormone has direct action on target cells throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone exerts direct effects on various tissues, including muscle, bone, and fat, influencing growth and metabolism.

Question 18

The parathyroid glands secrete calcitonin.

Accepted Answer

The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases blood calcium levels, while calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels, is secreted by the thyroid gland.

Question 19

Blood glucose levels are regulated by insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

These hormones play a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose, while glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone work to increase blood glucose levels, ensuring a balance in the body's energy supply.

Question 20

Growth hormone functions as both a tropic hormone and as a hormone that acts on target cells throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH) has both tropic effects, meaning it stimulates the production of other hormones, and it also acts directly on various tissues throughout the body to stimulate growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration.

Quiz 6: The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions