Question 1

Prolonged exposure to a cold environment can cause

Accepted Answer

Prolonged exposure to a cold environment can lead to hypothermia, which is a condition where the body loses heat faster than it can produce, causing the body temperature to drop to dangerously low levels.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of the exchange of heat by direct contact with an object?

Accepted Answer

Conduction is the exchange of heat by direct contact with an object.

Question 3

What is the fate of most of the amino acids that enter the liver?

Accepted Answer

Most amino acids that enter the liver are deaminated to form keto acids, which can then be used in various metabolic pathways, including conversion into fatty acids.

Question 4

provide an energy storage that is used primarily in times of starvation and are not metabolized by nervous tissue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of provide an energy storage that is used...

Question 5

The secretion of growth hormone releasing hormone is stimulated by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The secretion of growth hormone releasing hormone...

Question 6

Thyroid stimulating hormone activates what signal transduction mechanism within the follicle cell that will result in the release of thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) primarily activates the cAMP signal transduction pathway in thyroid follicle cells, leading to the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones.

Question 7

Glucose is "spared" for use by the central nervous system in what state?

Accepted Answer

During the postabsorptive state, the body primarily uses fats for energy, sparing glucose for the central nervous system, which relies almost exclusively on glucose for energy.

Question 8

In the postabsorptive state, what do most cells use for energy?

Accepted Answer

In the postabsorptive state, the body relies on stored energy sources. Most cells, except for the brain and red blood cells, primarily use lipids (fatty acids) for energy during this state to preserve glucose for the brain.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA is produced from catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and it is a substrate for the Krebs cycle and for lipid synthesis.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of the exchange of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves?

Accepted Answer

Radiation is the exchange of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact, convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, evaporation involves the transfer of heat by changing a liquid into a gas, and thermogenesis is the process of heat production in living organisms.

Question 11

What do peripheral thermoreceptors detect?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral thermoreceptors are located in the skin and detect changes in skin temperature.

Question 12

How does insulin increase cellular uptake of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin increases cellular uptake of glucose by promoting the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane in muscle and adipose cells, facilitating glucose entry into the cells.

Question 13

The most abundant form of thyroid hormone secreted into the blood is ; the most active form at the target cell is _; and the form that provides long- loop negative feedback is .

Accepted Answer

The most abundant form of thyroid hormone secreted into the blood is T4 (thyroxine). The most active form at the target cell is T3 (triiodothyronine), and T4 provides long-loop negative feedback.

Question 14

What is the hypothalamic tropic hormone that regulates cortisol secretion?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is the hypothalamic tropic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn stimulates cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex.

Question 15

What is glucose sparing?

Accepted Answer

Glucose sparing refers to the process where cells use fatty acids for energy instead of glucose, conserving glucose for use by the brain and other glucose-dependent tissues.

Question 16

In what state does the liver convert amino acids into fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

During the absorptive state, the liver can convert excess amino acids into fatty acids for storage. This process is part of how the body manages nutrients immediately after eating, when energy and materials from food are being absorbed.

Question 17

The primary function of thyroid hormone is to

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones primarily function to increase the basal metabolic rate (BMR), influencing how the body uses energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of the movement of heat by the movement of a gas or liquid carrying the heat?

Accepted Answer

Convection is the movement of heat by the movement of a gas or liquid carrying the heat. Conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid material, evaporation is the process of a substance converting from a liquid to a gas, radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, and thermogenesis is the process of heat production in living organisms.

Question 19

What is the precursor compound located within colloid that is converted into thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroglobulin is the precursor compound located within the colloid of the thyroid gland, which is converted into thyroid hormones T3 and T4.

Question 20

When amino acids are used for energy, they must be deaminated. In the process, is produced, and eventually eliminated from the body in the form of .

Accepted Answer

When amino acids are deaminated, ammonia is produced. The liver converts ammonia into urea, which is then eliminated from the body through urine.

Quiz 21: The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth