Question 1

Which of the following is not one of Reamer's (1986) three grounds for policy making?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Aviram (2015) traces concern about correctional costs to the financial crisis of , when the country went into recession.

Accepted Answer

The financial crisis mentioned in the sentence is referring to the recession that began in 2008, so the correct choice is D.

Question 3

The rush to incarcerate has increase the rate of imprisonment from per 100,000 in 1979 to per 100,000 for U.S. residents of all ages in 2014.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Tong (1986) explains that cost-benefit analysis comprises all of the following stages except:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tong (1986) explains that cost-benefit analysis comprises...

Question 5

Cohen (1972) described in terms of the emergence of a condition, event, or group of persons that becomes defined as a threat to the values and interests of society.

Accepted Answer

Cohen (1972) described "moral panics" as situations where a condition, event, or group is perceived as a threat to societal values and interests.

Question 6

Which of Reamer's (1986) grounds relate to science and research and to what is known from that research about the likely outcome of a particular policy?

Accepted Answer

Empirical grounds relate to science and research, focusing on evidence and data to predict the likely outcomes of a policy.

Question 7

States have tended to follow the U.S. Sentencing Commission guidelines, which are currently and which, until recently, set very lengthy sentences.

Accepted Answer

States have tended to follow the U.S. Sentencing Commission guidelines, which are currently and which, until recently, set very lengthy sentences. The correct answer is C: Only advisory. The U.S. Sentencing Commission guidelines are only advisory, meaning that states are not required to follow them. However, many states have chosen to do so, which has led to very lengthy sentences in many cases.

Question 8

In formulating criminal justice policy on issues of morality policy making, policy makers should:

Accepted Answer

Policy makers should act ethically, undertake formal policy analysis, and avoid promoting ad hoc, arbitrary, and irrational policy solutions to ensure comprehensive and effective criminal justice policies.

Question 9

The association between crime, minorities, and criminal justice policy making is underpinned by a substantial body of research that reveals that:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are linked to support for more punitive criminal justice policies.

Question 10

Policy making on ethical grounds requires a calculated, philosophical analysis of the morality upon which the policy is based. This is not true for public policy making on:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Policy making on ethical grounds requires a...

Question 11

Researchers have identified the ideology of as fostering punitive punishment policies.

Accepted Answer

Neoliberalism is associated with policies that emphasize individual responsibility and market-based solutions, often leading to punitive approaches in criminal justice.

Question 12

Which of Reamer's (1986) grounds relies on conclusions drawn from an analysis of what is "right and wrong" or "good and bad" in a moral sense?

Accepted Answer

The ethical ground relies on moral philosophy to determine what is right and wrong or good and bad.

Question 13

Morality policies share which of the following common features?

Accepted Answer

Morality policies are often driven by public opinion as they involve issues that are deeply rooted in societal values and beliefs, which can influence political agendas and decision-making processes.

Question 14

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, between 1999 and 2008 the number of incarcerated persons aged 55 and older increased by % compared to an increase of 18% in the entire prison population over that period.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics,...

Question 15

Unethical legislation and policies can sometimes be the result of a moral panic. A "moral panic" is:

Accepted Answer

A moral panic is characterized by an irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem, often leading to hasty and potentially unethical legislation or policies.

Question 16

Goode and Ben-Yehuda (1994) stressed the level of popular participation in moral panics and believed they are founded on genuine public concern, which is picked up and promoted by the media. This is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The Grassroots model suggests that moral panics arise from genuine public concern, which is then amplified by the media, aligning with Goode and Ben-Yehuda's perspective on popular participation.

Question 17

According to Alexander (2010), mass imprisonment policies have functioned to create a black undercaste through:

Accepted Answer

Alexander argues that mass imprisonment policies have created a black undercaste through a combination of laws, policies, and customs that disproportionately affect African Americans.

Question 18

Examples of moral panics include:

Accepted Answer

Both condemnation of pedophiles and enactment of mandatory minimum legislation are examples of moral panics.

Question 19

What did Tonry (2011) identify as a major precipitator of the severity of modern criminal justice policies and the unfair burdens they place on black Americans?

Accepted Answer

Tonry (2011) identified the Southern Strategy as a major factor in the development of severe criminal justice policies that disproportionately affect black Americans. This strategy involved appealing to racial biases to gain political support, leading to policies that have had lasting negative impacts on black communities.

Question 20

Since the mid-1970s public opinion and public policy on punishment have reflected increasing support for:

Accepted Answer

Since the mid-1970s, there has been a shift towards more punitive measures in public policy and opinion, emphasizing harsher penalties and increased incarceration rates.

Quiz 9: The Ethics of Criminal Justice Policy Making the Ethics of Policy Making