Question 1

The _____ is like a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats.
A) placenta
B) umbilical cord
C) amnion
D) cervix

Accepted Answer

The amnion is a membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac around the embryo, providing a protective environment.

Question 2

The structure that contains two arteries and one vein, and connects the developing embryo to the mother's body, is called the:
A) amnion.
B) placenta.
C) embryo.
D) umbilical cord.

Accepted Answer

The umbilical cord connects the developing embryo to the mother's body and contains two arteries and one vein. The amnion is a thin membrane that surrounds the embryo and is filled with amniotic fluid. The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus. The embryo is the early stage of development before it becomes a fetus.

Question 3

Both the amnion and the _____ develop from the fertilized egg and not the mother's body.
A) endoderm
B) placenta
C) embryo
D) umbilical cord

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both the amnion and the _____ develop...

Question 4

Nerve cells that handle information processing at the cellular level in the brain are called:
A) aminoplasts.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) endoderms.
D) neurons.

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the nerve cells responsible for processing and transmitting information in the brain.

Question 5

Which of the following substances is a large molecule that would NOT be able to pass through the placental wall?
A) Salt
B) Water
C) Hormones
D) Carbon dioxide

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following substances is a...

Question 6

A group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine but do not connect is the:
A) amnion.
B) placenta.
C) embryo.
D) umbilical cord.

Accepted Answer

The placenta is the organ that allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus. It is composed of small blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but do not connect.

Question 7

The phases of the brain's development during the prenatal period include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) formation of the neural tube.
B) neurogenesis.
C) neuronal migration.
D) synaptic pruning.

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning occurs after birth, typically during childhood and adolescence, not during the prenatal period.

Question 8

The _____ provides an environment that is temperature- and humidity-controlled, as well as shockproof.
A) placental wall
B) pericardial fluid
C) umbilical cord
D) amniotic fluid

Accepted Answer

The amniotic fluid surrounds the developing fetus in the womb and provides a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment as well as protection against shocks. The placental wall and umbilical cord play important roles in nutrient and oxygen exchange between the mother and fetus. Pericardial fluid is found in the sac surrounding the heart and helps to reduce friction during movement.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding studies of the placental barrier?
A) Cigarette smoke weakens fetal membranes.
B) Cortisol, a stress hormone, can cross from mother to her developing baby.
C) Most bacteria can pass from mother to her developing baby.
D) Ethanol from mother's alcohol use can pass to her developing baby.

Accepted Answer

Most bacteria cannot pass through the placental barrier; it is designed to protect the fetus from infections. However, some viruses and small molecules like ethanol and cortisol can cross the barrier.

Question 10

In a nursing class the instructor explains the vulnerability of the organ systems during formation, such as the respiratory and circulatory systems, to environmental influences. This process of organ formation is called:
A) organodevelopment.
B) organogenesis.
C) systemization.
D) differentiation.

Accepted Answer

Organogenesis is the process of organ formation.

Question 11

Which of the following cannot pass through the placenta?
A) Red blood cells
B) Ethanol from alcohol
C) Oxygen
D) Salt

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following cannot pass through...

Question 12

Sara is so anxious to actually feel her baby moving in the womb. Her doctor tells her that usually mothers first feel the arm or leg movements of their baby around the end of the _____ month of pregnancy.
A) second
B) third
C) fourth
D) fifth

Accepted Answer

Mothers typically first feel fetal movements, known as "quickening," around the end of the fourth month of pregnancy.

Question 13

The fetus that Calista is carrying has just reached the age of viability, meaning that it has a chance of surviving outside of the womb. Therefore, it can be inferred that Calista is _____ weeks pregnant.
A) 4 to 8
B) 16 to 18
C) 24 to 25
D) 10 to 12

Accepted Answer

The age of viability is typically around 24 to 25 weeks of gestation, when the fetus has developed enough to have a chance of surviving outside the womb with medical assistance.

Question 14

Sherry is expecting her second child. Her daughter is very curious about the developing embryo. When walking outside on a cold day, her daughter asks, "Is the baby cold too?" Sherry explains that the _____ provides temperature control for the baby.
A) umbilical cord
B) amniotic fluid
C) placenta
D) ectoderm

Accepted Answer

Amniotic fluid helps regulate the temperature around the developing embryo, keeping it warm and protected from external temperature changes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a small molecule that would be able to pass through the placental wall?
A) Red blood cells
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Hormones
D) Maternal wastes

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that can easily diffuse across the placental wall due to its small size and non-polarity. Red blood cells are too large to pass through, and maternal wastes are usually too large and too polar. While hormones are small enough to pass through, it would depend on the specific hormone and its properties.

Question 16

By the time babies are born, they have approximately _____ neurons.
A) 10 million
B) 200 million
C) 1 billion
D) 100 billion

Accepted Answer

By the time babies are born, they have approximately 100 billion neurons in their brain. However, the connections among these neurons are not fully established and continue to develop throughout childhood and adolescence.

Question 17

The _____ is a layer of the embryo, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts.
A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) trophoblast
D) endoderm

Accepted Answer

The ectoderm is the outermost layer of the embryo, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts. The mesoderm develops into muscles, bones, and organs, the endoderm becomes the digestive and respiratory systems, and the trophoblast forms the placenta.

Question 18

Petra is at the fourth month of her pregnancy. Her unborn child is now referred to as a(n):
A) gamete.
B) zygote.
C) fetus.
D) embryo.

Accepted Answer

At the fourth month of pregnancy, the unborn child is referred to as a fetus.

Question 19

Sherry is expecting her second child. She bought a book to help her daughter understand how the new baby is developing in the womb. After learning some terms, Sherry asks her daughter, "Which part will develop into hair and fingernails?" The answer is the:
A) mesoderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) trophoblast.
D) endoderm.

Accepted Answer

The ectoderm is the outermost layer of cells in the developing embryo and it gives rise to structures such as hair, nails, and the nervous system.

Question 20

The _____ prevents large molecules like red blood cells and harmful substances, such as most bacteria and maternal wastes, from entering the fetus.
A) umbilical cord
B) placental wall
C) amniotic sheath
D) ectoderm

Accepted Answer

The placental wall is made up of layers of tissue that act as a selective barrier, allowing for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother's blood and the fetus, while preventing harmful substances and large molecules from passing through. The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta and serves as a conduit for these exchanges, but it does not provide a barrier. The amniotic sheath is a membrane that surrounds the developing fetus and is filled with amniotic fluid, which provides buoyancy and protective cushioning, but it does not play a role in preventing substances from entering the fetus. The ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers that gives rise to the skin, hair, nails, and nervous system, and is not directly involved in the formation or function of the placenta.

Quiz 2: Biological Beginnings

The _____ is like a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats.

The structure that contains two arteries and one vein, and connects the developing embryo to the mother's body, is called the:

Both the amnion and the _____ develop from the fertilized egg and not the mother's body.

Nerve cells that handle information processing at the cellular level in the brain are called:

Which of the following substances is a large molecule that would NOT be able to pass through the placental wall?

A group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine but do not connect is the:

The phases of the brain's development during the prenatal period include all of the following EXCEPT:

The _____ provides an environment that is temperature- and humidity-controlled, as well as shockproof.

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding studies of the placental barrier?

In a nursing class the instructor explains the vulnerability of the organ systems during formation, such as the respiratory and circulatory systems, to environmental influences. This process of organ formation is called:

Which of the following cannot pass through the placenta?

Sara is so anxious to actually feel her baby moving in the womb. Her doctor tells her that usually mothers first feel the arm or leg movements of their baby around the end of the _____ month of pregnancy.

The fetus that Calista is carrying has just reached the age of viability, meaning that it has a chance of surviving outside of the womb. Therefore, it can be inferred that Calista is _____ weeks pregnant.

Sherry is expecting her second child. Her daughter is very curious about the developing embryo. When walking outside on a cold day, her daughter asks, "Is the baby cold too?" Sherry explains that the _____ provides temperature control for the baby.

Which of the following is a small molecule that would be able to pass through the placental wall?

By the time babies are born, they have approximately _____ neurons.

The _____ is a layer of the embryo, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts.

Petra is at the fourth month of her pregnancy. Her unborn child is now referred to as a(n) :

Sherry is expecting her second child. She bought a book to help her daughter understand how the new baby is developing in the womb. After learning some terms, Sherry asks her daughter, "Which part will develop into hair and fingernails?" The answer is the:

The _____ prevents large molecules like red blood cells and harmful substances, such as most bacteria and maternal wastes, from entering the fetus.