Question 1

In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism's _____; nurture refers to its _____.
A) personality traits; abilities
B) attributes; ecological heritage
C) biological inheritance; environmental experiences
D) acquired traits; heredity

Accepted Answer

Nature refers to the genetic or biological inheritance of an organism, while nurture refers to the environmental experiences and influences that shape an organism's development.

Question 2

Identify the correct sequence of the five stages of psychosexual development described in Freud's theory of development.
A) Genital, oral, anal, phallic, and latency
B) Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
C) Anal, genital, oral, phallic, and latency
D) Oral, phallic, anal, latency, and genital

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of development, the correct sequence of the five stages of psychosexual development is oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Question 3

Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Sigmund Freud:
A) proposed a theory that has stood the test of time and needs no revisions.
B) overemphasized sexual instincts.
C) overemphasized cultural experiences as determinants of an individual's development.
D) underestimated the role of the unconscious mind in determining development.

Accepted Answer

Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that while Freud made significant contributions to our understanding of the human psyche, he overemphasized the role of sexual instincts in development, which has been criticized as reductionistic and limiting. Additionally, some theorists believe that Freud did not adequately consider the influence of social and cultural experiences on individuals. Therefore, option B is the best answer as B suggests that contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Freud placed too much emphasis on sexual instincts.

Question 4

Proponents of the importance of _____ acknowledge that extreme environments, such as those that are psychologically barren or hostile, can depress development.
A) traits
B) nature
C) nurture
D) heritage

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proponents of the importance of _____ acknowledge...

Question 5

The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as a _____ theory of development.
A) psychobiological
B) psychogenic
C) psychosocial
D) psychoanatomical

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory is known as a psychosocial theory of development, which emphasizes the impact of social experience across the lifespan.

Question 6

Nature versus nurture, stability versus change, and continuity versus discontinuity are considered _____ issues.
A) developmental
B) physical
C) social
D) emotional

Accepted Answer

These are key issues in developmental psychology, which studies how people grow and change over the course of their lives.

Question 7

The _____ issue involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or alter life.
A) growth-decline
B) stability-change
C) traits-characteristics
D) permanence-evanescence

Accepted Answer

The stability-change issue examines whether early traits and characteristics remain consistent throughout life or change over time.

Question 8

Based on his belief that patients who talked about their problems could be restored to psychological health, Freud developed a technique called:
A) psychogenesis.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) psychopathology.
D) psychodevelopmentalism.

Accepted Answer

Freud developed psychoanalysis, a technique based on the belief that patients who talked about their problems could be restored to psychological health.

Question 9

Dr. Perkins predicts that children who spend more than two years playing a musical instrument will score higher on IQ tests than children who do not play music. This testable prediction is known as a(n):
A) hypothesis.
B) classification.
C) variable.
D) axiom.

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables, in this case, the relationship between playing a musical instrument and IQ scores.

Question 10

According to Freud, our adult personality is determined by:
A) the way we resolve conflicts between home life and professional life.
B) the resolution of adult realities versus childhood fantasies.
C) the way we maintain a balance between family and friends.
D) the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage and the demands of reality.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, our adult personality is determined by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage (oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital) and the demands of reality. This is known as the psychosexual stages and a successful resolution at each stage creates a well-balanced and functioning personality.

Question 11

Dr. Berenstein holds the view that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. Dr. Berenstein can be described as a(n):
A) psychoanalytic theorist.
B) evolutionary theorist.
C) cognitive theorist.
D) behavioral theorist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Berenstein's belief in the importance of analyzing symbolic meanings and inner workings of the mind aligns with the core tenets of psychoanalytic theory, which focuses on the unconscious mind and psychological processes that underpin behavior.

Question 12

A coherent set of ideas that helps to explain data and make predictions is called a(n):
A) theory.
B) classification.
C) hypothesis.
D) axiom.

Accepted Answer

A theory is a coherent set of ideas that helps to explain data and make predictions. It is well-substantiated and based on a body of evidence.

Question 13

Dr. Jacobs studies identical twins from birth to two years old to learn about similarities and differences in their development. Dr. Jacobs is interested in the development issues of:
A) nature and nature.
B) stability and change.
C) continuity and discontinuity.
D) cross-sectional and longitudinal aspects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Jacobs studies identical twins from birth...

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of the five theoretical orientations to development?
A) Each contributes an important piece in understanding development.
B) They disagree about certain aspects of development.
C) They look at development from different perspectives.
D) Many of their ideas are contradictory rather than complementary.

Accepted Answer

Theoretical orientations to development often provide complementary insights, even if they differ in perspectives, rather than being outright contradictory.

Question 15

Dr. Drew is a scientist interested in the effects of music on cognitive development. Which of the following describes the sequence he should go through?
A) Collect research information (data), conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
B) Conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect research information (data), analyze data, and draw conclusions.
C) Collect research information (data), analyze data, conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, and draw conclusions.
D) Conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, draw conclusions, collect research information (data), and analyze data.

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence for conducting research is to first conceptualize the problem, then collect data, analyze the data, and finally draw conclusions.

Question 16

The concept of discontinuity is characterized by:
A) qualitative change.
B) quantitative change.
C) collective change.
D) measured change.

Accepted Answer

Discontinuity refers to a change in quality, rather than quantity or measurement. Therefore, the best choice is A: qualitative change.

Question 17

Gina's therapist attributes her delinquent behavior to heredity and to the gross neglect she suffered as a baby at the hands of her alcoholic mother. Gina's therapist appears to be emphasizing the _____ aspect of her development.
A) personality
B) plastic
C) discontinuity
D) stability

Accepted Answer

The therapist is focusing on the stability aspect of Gina's development, suggesting that her early experiences and genetic factors have a lasting impact on her behavior.

Question 18

When comparing the effects of homeschooling and traditional classrooms on students' social development, researchers are exploring:
A) traits.
B) nature.
C) nurture.
D) heritage.

Accepted Answer

Researchers are exploring "nurture" as it refers to the environmental influences, including educational settings like homeschooling and traditional classrooms, that impact students' social development.

Question 19

In the continuity-discontinuity issue in development, continuity refers to _____, whereas discontinuity implies ______.
A) abrupt change; stability
B) gradual change; distinct stages
C) qualitative change; quantitative change
D) discrete stages; gradations

Accepted Answer

Continuity refers to gradual, cumulative change, while discontinuity implies development through distinct stages.

Question 20

_____ theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.
A) Behavioral
B) Social-cognitive
C) Evolutionary
D) Psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theories, such as those developed by Freud, emphasize the role of unconscious processes and emotional experiences in shaping development. They also focus on early childhood experiences and the resolution of unconscious conflicts in later stages of development.

Quiz 1: Introduction

In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism's _; nurture refers to its _.

Identify the correct sequence of the five stages of psychosexual development described in Freud's theory of development.

Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Sigmund Freud:

Proponents of the importance of _____ acknowledge that extreme environments, such as those that are psychologically barren or hostile, can depress development.

The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as a _____ theory of development.

Nature versus nurture, stability versus change, and continuity versus discontinuity are considered _____ issues.

The _____ issue involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or alter life.

Based on his belief that patients who talked about their problems could be restored to psychological health, Freud developed a technique called:

Dr. Perkins predicts that children who spend more than two years playing a musical instrument will score higher on IQ tests than children who do not play music. This testable prediction is known as a(n) :

According to Freud, our adult personality is determined by:

Dr. Berenstein holds the view that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. Dr. Berenstein can be described as a(n) :

A coherent set of ideas that helps to explain data and make predictions is called a(n) :

Dr. Jacobs studies identical twins from birth to two years old to learn about similarities and differences in their development. Dr. Jacobs is interested in the development issues of:

Which of the following is NOT true of the five theoretical orientations to development?

Dr. Drew is a scientist interested in the effects of music on cognitive development. Which of the following describes the sequence he should go through?

The concept of discontinuity is characterized by:

Gina's therapist attributes her delinquent behavior to heredity and to the gross neglect she suffered as a baby at the hands of her alcoholic mother. Gina's therapist appears to be emphasizing the _____ aspect of her development.

When comparing the effects of homeschooling and traditional classrooms on students' social development, researchers are exploring:

In the continuity-discontinuity issue in development, continuity refers to _, whereas discontinuity implies __.

_____ theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.