Question 1

Compared with prokaryotic chromosomes, eukaryotic chromosomes are _.
A) large, linear, less densely packed with protein -coding genes, mainly organized in single -gene units with introns
B) large, mainly organized in single -gene transcription units without introns
C) small, mainly organized in -single gene transcription units with introns
D) large, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns
E) small, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic chromosomes are large, linear, and less densely packed with protein-coding genes compared to prokaryotic chromosomes. They are mainly organized in single-gene units and often contain introns.

Question 2

Proteomics is the _.
A) changing of the terminal sequences of proteins to alter their function
B) harvesting of proteins from a cell to determine their economic value
C) manipulation of amino acid sequences in proteins to alter their function
D) rational design of drugs based on protein structure
E) process of defining the complete set of proteins encoded by a genome

Accepted Answer

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteomes, which are the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time.

Question 3

The Human Genome Project, which got underway in 1990, is an international effort to ________.
A) clone deleterious genes from humans and study their mode of action
B) clone beneficial genes from humans for eventual use in gene therapy
C) collect samples of cells from all parts of the world in order to preserve human genetic diversity
D) construct a physical map of the billions of base pairs in the human genome
E) determine how many different human populations share in a common gene pool

Accepted Answer

The Human Genome Project aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome, identifying all the base pairs and genes.

Question 4

Name the two strategic methods that scientists are using to sequence genomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the two strategic methods that scientists...

Question 5

Compared with eukaryotic chromosomes, bacterial chromosomes are _.
A) large, triple -helix, Z -DNA, organized in single gene units with introns
B) small, mainly organized in single -gene transcription units with introns
C) large, mainly organized in single -gene transcription units without introns
D) small, with high gene density
E) large, mainly organized in polygenic transcription units without introns

Accepted Answer

Bacterial chromosomes are typically small and have a high gene density, meaning they contain many genes in a relatively small amount of DNA, and they lack introns.

Question 6

One major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes is that eukaryotic
genes can contain internal sequences, called message.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic...

Question 7

Mycoplasma are among the smallest and perhaps the simplest self -replicating prokaryotes known. M. genitalium contains a genome of 0.58 Mb. Approximately how many genes does this bacterium contain?
A) between 400 and 550
B) 1200
C) 3000
D) 426,000
E) 12

Accepted Answer

M. genitalium has a small genome of 0.58 Mb, which typically contains between 400 and 550 genes, as it is one of the smallest known genomes of any free-living organism.

Question 8

A number of generalizations can be made about the organization of protein -coding genes in bacterial chromosomes. First, the gene density is very high, averaging about
________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A number of generalizations can be made...

Question 9

What is meant by the term low gene density? Give an example of an organism with low gene density.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by the term low...

Question 10

Numerous scientists around the world have proposed to sequence 10,000 vertebrate genomes in five years. What is the name of this plan?
A) Vertebrate Beginnings
B) Vertebrate Enlightenment
C) Bigger Than Life Plan
D) Genome 10K
E) 10K or Bust

Accepted Answer

The plan to sequence 10,000 vertebrate genomes in five years is known as "Genome 10K."

Question 11

Archaea (formerly known as archaebacteria) is one of the three major divisions of
living organisms; the other two are eubacteria and eukaryotes. Nanoarchaeum equitans is in the Archaea domain and has one of the smallest genomes known, about 0.5 Mb.
How can an organism complete its life cycle with so little genetic material?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Archaea (formerly known as archaebacteria) is one...

Question 12

Most of the eukaryotic genomes described in the text have more than
A) 50 chromosomes
B) 100,000 genes
C) ten million genes
D) a million base pairs
E) 50,000 genes

Accepted Answer

Most eukaryotic genomes have more than a million base pairs, as they are generally large and complex, containing a significant amount of DNA.

Question 13

Which two factors contribute significantly to the wide ranges of genome size among eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which two factors contribute significantly to the...

Question 14

A bacterial operon _.
A) contains information for more than one protein product
B) is capped at the 5' end and carries a poly -A tail at the 3' end
C) is void of start (AUG) and termination (UAA, UGA, UAG) triplets
D) contains information for one protein product
E) None of the answers listed is correct.

Accepted Answer

An operon is a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter and is transcribed into a single mRNA molecule that can encode multiple proteins, hence containing information for more than one protein product.

Question 15

What is ELSI?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is ELSI?...

Question 16

In general, the organization of genes in bacteria is different from that in eukaryotes. In E. coli, approximately 27 percent of all genes are organized into contiguous, functionally related units containing multiple genes under coordinate control that are transcribed as a single unit. Such contiguous gene families are called _.
A) proteomes
B) transcriptomes
C) pseudogenes
D) contigs
E) operons

Accepted Answer

In bacteria like E. coli, genes are often organized into operons, which are clusters of genes transcribed together as a single mRNA molecule, allowing for coordinated regulation of functionally related genes.

Question 17

What is one major limitation of two -dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE)?
A) When products are separated, they tend to leach out of the gel matrix.
B) Only the most abundant products are detected.
C) 2DGE can be run only on nucleic acids.
D) It is extremely costly to execute in a typical molecular biology laboratory.
E) 2DGE is useful only in separating eukaryotic gene products.

Accepted Answer

2DGE is limited in detecting only the most abundant proteins, as less abundant proteins may not be visible due to their low concentration.

Question 18

The human genome contains approximately 20,000 protein -coding genes, yet it has the capacity to produce several hundred thousand gene products. What can account for the vast difference in gene number and product number?
A) Much of the DNA is in the form of trinucleotide repeats, thus allowing multiple start sites for different genes.
B) There are more introns than exons.
C) Alternative splicing occurs.
D) Every gene can be read in both directions, and each gene can have inversions and translocations.
E) There are more exons than introns.

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing allows a single gene to produce multiple mRNA variants, leading to different protein products from the same gene.

Question 19

Intron frequency varies considerably among eukaryotes. Provide a general comparison of intron frequencies in yeast and humans. What about intron size?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intron frequency varies considerably among eukaryotes. Provide...

Question 20

What appears to be the range of the number of protein -coding genes per genome in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What appears to be the range of...

Quiz 18: Genomics and Proteomics

Compared with prokaryotic chromosomes, eukaryotic chromosomes are _.

Proteomics is the _.

The Human Genome Project, which got underway in 1990, is an international effort to ________.

Name the two strategic methods that scientists are using to sequence genomes.

Compared with eukaryotic chromosomes, bacterial chromosomes are _.

One major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes is that eukaryotic genes can contain internal sequences, called message.

Mycoplasma are among the smallest and perhaps the simplest self -replicating prokaryotes known. M. genitalium contains a genome of 0.58 Mb. Approximately how many genes does this bacterium contain?

A number of generalizations can be made about the organization of protein -coding genes in bacterial chromosomes. First, the gene density is very high, averaging about ________.

What is meant by the term low gene density? Give an example of an organism with low gene density.

Numerous scientists around the world have proposed to sequence 10,000 vertebrate genomes in five years. What is the name of this plan?

Most of the eukaryotic genomes described in the text have more than

Which two factors contribute significantly to the wide ranges of genome size among eukaryotes?

A bacterial operon _.

What is ELSI?

What is one major limitation of two -dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) ?

The human genome contains approximately 20,000 protein -coding genes, yet it has the capacity to produce several hundred thousand gene products. What can account for the vast difference in gene number and product number?

Intron frequency varies considerably among eukaryotes. Provide a general comparison of intron frequencies in yeast and humans. What about intron size?

What appears to be the range of the number of protein -coding genes per genome in eukaryotes?