Question 1

In general,women are more vulnerable than men to

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Women also have higher rates of anxiety disorders. While both men and women can struggle with alcohol dependency, it is not a specific vulnerability for women. There is no evidence to suggest that women are more vulnerable to antisocial conduct.

Question 2

Our early ancestors commonly attributed disordered behavior to

Accepted Answer

Throughout history and across cultures, people have often attributed disordered behavior or mental illness to the influence of evil spirits or demons. This idea was prevalent in early religions, folk beliefs, and even in some modern cultures. While brain injury or other physical conditions could also have been thought to cause such behavior, attributing it to "bad blood" or "laziness" would not have been common explanations in most cultures.

Question 3

(Thinking Critically)The term insanity refers to

Accepted Answer

The term "insanity" is a legal term used in determining an individual's criminal responsibility, thus it pertains to legal definitions rather than specific psychiatric disorders. It is not solely related to psychotic or personality disorders.

Question 4

According to psychoanalytic theory,memory of losses,especially in combination with internalized anger,is likely to result in

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, memories of losses that are associated with internalized anger can lead to depressive symptoms. Anger directed towards oneself or others may result in feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of motivation. These symptoms are often associated with depression.

Question 5

On Monday,Matt felt optimistic,energetic,and on top of the world. On Tuesday,he felt hopeless and lethargic,and thought that the future looked very grim. Matt would MOST likely be diagnosed as having

Accepted Answer

Matt's symptoms suggest bipolar disorder, characterized by mood swings from highs (mania or hypomania) to lows (depression), fitting the description of feeling optimistic and energetic one day and hopeless and lethargic the next.

Question 6

The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV-TR

Accepted Answer

While the DSM-IV-TR has limitations and the possibility for subjective interpretation, reliability studies have indicated that its diagnostic reliability is relatively high.

Question 7

Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Depression is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders. It affects millions of people worldwide and can range from mild to severe. Its symptoms include persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, changes in weight and sleep patterns, and difficulty concentrating.

Question 8

Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors

Accepted Answer

Most mental health workers today take a biopsychosocial approach, which means that they believe that disordered behaviors arise from the interaction of nature (genetics) and nurture (environmental factors). While genetics play a role, it is not the only factor, and disordered behaviors are not generally seen as being solely genetically triggered. Nor are they viewed as exclusively organic diseases, as psychological and environmental factors also play a role. Finally, while learning does play a role in some disordered behaviors, it is not the sole cause.

Question 9

The view that all behavior arises from the interaction of heredity and environment is referred to as the ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of considering biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior, and how the interaction between these factors shapes behavior. This approach suggests that both heredity and environment play important roles in behavior. The other options, psychoanalytic and conditioning, focus more narrowly on psychological processes, while the medical approach primarily emphasizes biological factors.

Question 10

Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders,such as ________,are universal,whereas others,such as ________,are culture-bound.

Accepted Answer

Depression is a universal psychological disorder found across different cultures worldwide, indicating it is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Anorexia nervosa, on the other hand, is more prevalent in Western cultures, suggesting a significant environmental or cultural component to its occurrence.

Question 11

(Thinking Critically)Thirteen-year-old Ronald constantly fidgets in his seat at school,frequently blurts out answers without being called on,and is extremely distractible. A psychiatrist might diagnose Ronald with

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the scenario match those of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings, panic disorder is characterized by sudden and repeated panic attacks, and obsessive-compulsive disorder involves recurring uncontrollable thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Ronald's symptoms do not align with any of these disorders.

Question 12

The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity,whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound,provides evidence for the ________ model of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model explains psychological disorders as a result of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. The universality of some disorders (like schizophrenia) points to biological (hereditary) influences, while the culture-bound nature of others (like anorexia nervosa) highlights the role of social-cultural factors.

Question 13

Most practitioners find the DSM-IV-TR a helpful and practical tool despite its

Accepted Answer

The DSM-IV-TR has a bias towards the medical model, meaning it conceptualizes mental disorders as medical illnesses. Despite this bias, practitioners still find the DSM-IV-TR helpful and practical. Option A is incorrect because the DSM-IV-TR does emphasize observable behaviors in the diagnostic process. Option B is incorrect because the DSM-IV-TR does not have a learning theory bias. Option D is incorrect because the DSM-IV-TR does not have a psychoanalytic bias.

Question 14

The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered

Accepted Answer

The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered vary by culture and with time. Different cultures have different norms and standards of behavior, so what may be considered disordered in one culture may be considered normal in another. Additionally, as our understanding of mental health and disorders evolves, so too does our criteria for classification. Therefore, it is important to consider cultural and historical context when determining whether a behavior is disordered.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of the medical model?

Accepted Answer

The medical model views psychological disorders as illnesses that are diagnosable and treatable, similar to physical illnesses. It emphasizes the importance of diagnosing and treating psychological disorders using medical methods such as medication and therapy. While some critics argue that the medical model oversimplifies complex psychological issues, it remains widely used in the field of mental health.

Question 16

Behavior is classified as disordered when it

Accepted Answer

A behavior is considered disordered when it meets all three criteria: it is deviant (deviates from what is considered "normal"), it causes distress to the person exhibiting it, and it is dysfunctional (interferes with their ability to function in daily life). Therefore, the correct answer is D, which includes all three characteristics.

Question 17

For the past 6 months,a woman has complained of feeling isolated from others,dissatisfied with life,and discouraged about the future. This woman could be diagnosed as suffering from

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest major depressive disorder, which is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness, loss of interest in activities, and negative thoughts about the future. Bipolar disorder involves periods of both depression and mania, whereas generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive worry and fear about a variety of situations. Schizophrenia involves symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, which are not described in this scenario.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true concerning depression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT true...

Question 19

Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

The definition of abnormal behavior is culture-dependent, meaning what is considered abnormal in one culture may not be in another. This is due to cultural values and beliefs influencing what is considered acceptable behavior. The other choices are not accurate definitions of abnormal behavior.

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Labels can indeed promote research studies of psychological disorders by providing a consistent way to identify and group symptoms. While the other statements are generally true, it is not the case that labels universally interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders. In some cases, labels can help identify effective treatments and provide a common language for mental health professionals to communicate with each other and with patients.

Quiz 8: Reasons for Unreason