Question 1

Francis Galton,a British scholar,was the first to argue

Accepted Answer

Francis Galton was a pioneer in the field of genetics and heredity, and he believed that intelligence was largely determined by genetics.

Question 2

One stereotype suggests that women are not strong in math,while a second stereotype suggests that Asians are very strong in math.Researchers examining stereotype threat gave female Asian American students a math test and found

Accepted Answer

Research on stereotype threat has shown that when individuals are made aware of a positive stereotype about a group they belong to, their performance can improve. In this case, highlighting the Asian identity, which is associated with a positive stereotype about math ability, can alleviate the negative impact of the stereotype about women's math abilities, leading to better performance.

Question 3

The human genome project allows researchers to search for specific genes that may be important in human intelligence.Which of the following would be the best conclusion for the research findings to date?

Accepted Answer

The passage states that researchers have found "dozens of genes" that play some role, but none of which produce a very large effect. This suggests that intelligence is likely influenced by multiple genes rather than a single "genius gene." Therefore, option B is the best conclusion based on the research findings to date. Option A is not supported by the passage, as research has already begun. Option C is not supported by the passage, as the search has been narrowed down to three genes, but none are guaranteed to be the "genius gene." Option D is not supported by the passage, as there is no mention of a single gene determining a person's intelligence.

Question 4

Most (though not all)researchers believe that observed variations in IQ scores are due to

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that both heredity and environmental factors contribute to observed variations in IQ scores. While genetic factors play a role in determining IQ potential, environmental factors such as education, nutrition, and social experiences can also have an impact on IQ development. Studies of twins and adopted children have shown that both genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in IQ scores. Therefore, the most accurate answer is C, the combined effects of both heredity and environmental factors.

Question 5

If a pair of identical twins who were reared in the same environment take an IQ test,how much will their scores resemble one another?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins, especially when reared in the same environment, have very high IQ score correlations, often nearing the reliability of the test itself, which is similar to the consistency seen when an individual takes the same test twice.

Question 6

The British scholar who was the first to argue that a tendency toward high intelligence is hereditary was?

Accepted Answer

Francis Galton introduced the concept of heredity of intelligence and argued that intelligence runs in families in the late 19th century. He was the first to suggest a link between genetics and intelligence, and his work paved the way for later research on the topic.

Question 7

Research on stereotype threat suggest that simply by asking participants to indicate their race prior to the test produces

Accepted Answer

Research on stereotype threat has consistently found that asking participants to indicate their race prior to a test leads to a significant decrease in the performances of Black students. This is believed to be due to the activation of negative stereotypes about academic ability and race, which can undermine a person's confidence and increase anxiety, ultimately impairing their performance on the test.

Question 8

Identical twins reared apart are more similar in IQ than fraternal twins reared apart.A researcher who believes in the influence of environment more than heredity might explain this in what way?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their genetic material, while fraternal twins only share, on average, 50%. Therefore, if genetics was the only factor, identical twins should be equally as similar in IQ whether raised together or apart. The fact that they are more similar when reared apart suggests that something about their environments is also contributing to their similarity. One possibility is that the environments of the identical twins were more similar, as they may have been placed in similar adoptive homes or experienced similar life events.

Question 9

Of the following pairs of twins,which pair will probably resemble each other the most with regard to their IQ scores?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins who mistakenly think they are fraternal are still genetically identical, whereas fraternal twins who mistakenly think they are identical may have differences in their genetic makeup that can affect their IQ scores. Therefore, the pair of identical twins who mistakenly think they are fraternal will likely have the most similar IQ scores.

Question 10

Stereotype threat research has illustrated a significant __________,simply by asking participants to indicate their race prior to the test.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat research has shown that simply being made aware of one's identity as part of a stereotyped group can lead to a decrease in performance on tasks related to that stereotype. In the case of race, studies have found that asking participants to indicate their race prior to a test can lead to a decrease in performance for Black students, as they may be experiencing the negative effects of the stereotype that Black individuals are less intelligent or capable than other racial groups.

Question 11

Most studies examining possible genetic influences on human intelligence examine?

Accepted Answer

Most studies examining possible genetic influences on human intelligence compare the IQ scores of twins (identical and fraternal) and adopted children to the IQ scores of their biological and adoptive parents. This helps to determine the extent to which genetics and environment play a role in intelligence.

Question 12

Which of the following correlations is generally the highest?

Accepted Answer

The correlation between the IQ of an adopted child and the IQs of that child's biological parents is generally the highest because it reflects the genetic contribution to intelligence. Studies have consistently shown that genetics play a significant role in determining IQ, and this correlation tends to be stronger than environmental factors, such as being raised in the same family by adoptive parents.

Question 13

If differences among people in their IQ scores are based largely on differences in heredity,we should expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A high correlation in IQ scores between identical twins indicates that there is a strong genetic component to intelligence, while a lower correlation between fraternal twins suggests less of a genetic influence. Therefore, if differences in IQ scores are largely based on heredity, we would expect the correlation in IQ scores to be higher for identical twins than for fraternal twins.

Question 14

If differences among people in their IQ scores are based largely on differences in heredity,we should expect to find that

Accepted Answer

This is because identical twins share 100% of their genes, whereas fraternal twins share only 50% on average. Therefore, if IQ scores are largely based on heredity, we would expect higher correlation in IQ scores between identical twins than fraternal twins.

Question 15

If genetics play no role in a trait,then

Accepted Answer

If genetics play no role in a trait, environmental factors would be the primary influence on that trait. Therefore, identical twins (who share 100% of their genes) reared apart would be less similar in that trait compared to fraternal twins (who share about 50% of their genes) reared together, because the fraternal twins would have the shared environment influencing the trait, making them more similar.

Question 16

A person who has been affected by a stereotype threat is likely to

Accepted Answer

A person who has been affected by stereotype threat is likely to score lower on a test because they fear not only that a poor score would reflect badly on themselves but also on the group to which they belong. This fear can create anxiety and pressure that can negatively affect their performance. A person may feel as if they are representing their entire group and therefore, if they perform poorly, they may reinforce negative stereotypes about their group. This can lead to lower performance and decreased confidence.

Question 17

Telling or reminding people,"your group usually doesn't do well on this kind of test" tends to impair most people's performance.This phenomenon is known as

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon of telling or reminding people that their group usually doesn't do well on a certain test impairing their performance is known as stereotype threat. This is because the individuals feel pressure to perform according to the negative stereotype associated with their group, causing anxiety and stress that can negatively affect their performance on the test.

Question 18

Identical twins typically are __________ similar in intelligence than fraternal twins;fraternal twins typically are __________ similar in intelligence than single birth siblings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identical twins typically are __________ similar in...

Question 19

Adopted children generally have IQ scores __________ similar to those of their biological parents than to those of their adoptive parents;the similarity in IQ to the biological parents __________ as these adopted children grow older.

Accepted Answer

Adopted children's IQ scores are generally more similar to those of their biological parents than to their adoptive parents, and this similarity tends to increase as the adopted children grow older, indicating the influence of genetics on IQ.

Question 20

Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the belief that differences among people in their IQ scores are related in part to differences in heredity?

Accepted Answer

The strongest evidence supporting the belief that differences among people in their IQ scores are related in part to differences in heredity is the fact that there is a high correlation in IQ between identical twins who have been adopted by different parents and reared in different environments. This suggests that genetic factors play a role in determining IQ, as the twins share the same DNA but have different environments. Option A is also supportive, but not as strong as option D as it could be influenced by environmental factors. Options B and C provide evidence of environmental factors affecting IQ scores.

Quiz 9: Intelligence

Francis Galton,a British scholar,was the first to argue

One stereotype suggests that women are not strong in math,while a second stereotype suggests that Asians are very strong in math.Researchers examining stereotype threat gave female Asian American students a math test and found

The human genome project allows researchers to search for specific genes that may be important in human intelligence.Which of the following would be the best conclusion for the research findings to date?

Most (though not all) researchers believe that observed variations in IQ scores are due to

If a pair of identical twins who were reared in the same environment take an IQ test,how much will their scores resemble one another?

The British scholar who was the first to argue that a tendency toward high intelligence is hereditary was?

Research on stereotype threat suggest that simply by asking participants to indicate their race prior to the test produces

Identical twins reared apart are more similar in IQ than fraternal twins reared apart.A researcher who believes in the influence of environment more than heredity might explain this in what way?

Of the following pairs of twins,which pair will probably resemble each other the most with regard to their IQ scores?

Stereotype threat research has illustrated a significant __________,simply by asking participants to indicate their race prior to the test.

Most studies examining possible genetic influences on human intelligence examine?

Which of the following correlations is generally the highest?

If differences among people in their IQ scores are based largely on differences in heredity,we should expect to find that

If differences among people in their IQ scores are based largely on differences in heredity,we should expect to find that

If genetics play no role in a trait,then

A person who has been affected by a stereotype threat is likely to

Telling or reminding people,"your group usually doesn't do well on this kind of test" tends to impair most people's performance.This phenomenon is known as

Identical twins typically are similar in intelligence than fraternal twins;fraternal twins typically are similar in intelligence than single birth siblings.

Adopted children generally have IQ scores similar to those of their biological parents than to those of their adoptive parents;the similarity in IQ to the biological parents as these adopted children grow older.

Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the belief that differences among people in their IQ scores are related in part to differences in heredity?