Question 1

Researchers gave participants four paragraphs describing childhood events.Three of the stories were true (provided by the participants' parents)and the fourth was false,but plausible (being lost on a family outing).When asked to provide further details,

Accepted Answer

Since the false event was plausible, some of the participants may have remembered it in some detail, leading them to provide further details about it. It is unlikely that all four events were dismissed as untrue by most of the participants or that all participants recognized the false event as untrue, given the plausibility of the scenario. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 2

The patient H.M.suffered memory problems after damage to his

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a region in the brain that is critical for forming new memories. Damage to this area can result in severe memory loss, which was the case for patient H.M.

Question 3

Researchers asked participants about two actual memories from childhood (provided by their parents)and one event that did not happen (confirmed by their parents)in first grade.Half the participants were given photographs of their first grade class (again provided by their parents)and the other half were not given photographs.The results of this study indicated that

Accepted Answer

Participants receiving photographs were more likely to construct or report memories of the false event, as the photographs could have acted as suggestive cues, leading to the creation or reinforcement of false memories.

Question 4

Amnesia is a

Accepted Answer

Amnesia is defined as the partial or total loss of memory. It is not a loss of sensation or a mnemonic device, and it does not specifically refer to memory for sensory events.

Question 5

Research on implanted (false)memories suggest that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that it is possible to implant or distort a memory by repeatedly suggesting that something "might have" happened. However, it is not impossible to implant a false memory, but it is much harder than simply distorting an existing one. Conclusively stating that all reports of childhood sexual abuse are implanted is incorrect. Courts should not be willing to accept all memories that are recovered by licensed therapists without proper scrutiny, as false memories can be created through suggestive techniques.

Question 6

The patient H.M.suffered severe anterograde amnesia as a result of damage to which part of his brain?

Accepted Answer

H.M. suffered severe anterograde amnesia as a result of damage to his hippocampus, which is a key structure for the consolidation of new memories. The fornix, corpus callosum, and cerebellum do not play a significant role in the formation of new memories.

Question 7

What is anterograde amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new long-term memories. People with this condition may be able to remember events that happened before the onset of the amnesia, but cannot create new memories.

Question 8

What is retrograde amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memories that formed before a certain event or period of time, often due to injury or disease. It does not affect the ability to form new memories, so options A and B are incorrect. Option D, a total loss of all memories, is not accurate as some memories may still be retained.

Question 9

Since Wanda's brain operation she has been unable to store any new memories to recall them an hour or more later.However,she still recalls everything that happened before her operation.What kind of memory loss does she have?

Accepted Answer

Wanda is experiencing anterograde amnesia because she is unable to form new memories after the brain operation. She still has access to her memories from before the operation, indicating that her ability to retrieve old memories is intact.

Question 10

Individuals with amnesia typically have problems remembering __________,while their ability to remember __________ remains intact.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with amnesia typically have problems with declarative memories, which include facts and events, while their ability to remember procedural memories or how to do things remains intact.

Question 11

One significant problem with eyewitness testimony is that

Accepted Answer

Eyewitness testimony can be influenced by suggestion or leading questions, which can lead to the incorporation of false details into a person's memory. This is known as the misinformation effect and can have significant consequences in legal cases. It is important to consider the reliability of eyewitness testimony and to use other forms of evidence whenever possible.

Question 12

People in therapy sometimes report that they now recall some previously repressed memories of being sexually abused in infancy or early childhood.Many psychologists are skeptical of these reports because

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that therapists' suggestions and leading questions can often create false memories in their patients, particularly when it comes to memories of sexual abuse in childhood. It is important for therapists to be cautious not to suggest or lead their patients in any way when dealing with potentially repressed memories.

Question 13

After damage to his hippocampus,patient H.M.lost most of his ability to

Accepted Answer

Patient H.M. lost the ability to store new long-term memories after damage to his hippocampus, but he was still able to recall memories of events that happened several years before the damage. He also retained his procedural memories, which allowed him to learn new motor skills and habits. However, his ability to store new short-term memories was also impaired.

Question 14

Participants in certain studies viewed a videotape or a series of slides.Then someone asked some misleading questions,such as "Did the children get on the school bus?" (when there was no bus).The original studies most clearly documented which of the following conclusions?

Accepted Answer

The original studies showed that the misleading questions can cause people to develop inaccurate memories of what they viewed. This is supported by multiple studies on the misinformation effect.

Question 15

Certain clinical psychologists claim they can help their clients to recover repressed memories of early sexual abuse and other painful experiences.Other skeptical psychologists doubt this claim because

Accepted Answer

Many studies have shown that people are highly susceptible to suggestion and can easily report false memories, especially when prompted by a therapist who believes that the memories have been repressed. Additionally, the idea of repressed memories is controversial and not well-supported in the field of psychology, as there is little evidence to suggest that traumatic memories are truly repressed and can be accurately recovered.

Question 16

Some therapists claim that they can help their clients to recover long-repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse.Many other psychologists are skeptical of this claim,largely because

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the power of suggestion can lead people to report false memories of events that never actually occurred. Therefore, therapists who suggest that their clients may have repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse may actually be implanting false memories in their clients' minds.

Question 17

Suppose an experimenter asks people a question about something they did not see.(For example,people who did not see a truck might be asked what color the truck was. )How does asking such a question affect people's memory,if at all?

Accepted Answer

Asking such a question can create a false memory in people's minds, making them believe they actually saw the item in question. This phenomenon is known as the misinformation effect.

Question 18

After Wilbur fell off his motorcycle,he forgot just about everything that had happened during the last hour before his accident.What kind of memory loss is this?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memories from the past, typically occurring after a traumatic event, while anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after the event. Global amnesia refers to a total loss of memory, and procedural memory is a type of long-term memory for skills and tasks. Since Wilbur forgot events leading up to the accident, he is experiencing retrograde amnesia.

Question 19

Two groups of people watched a videotape of an automobile accident.One group was asked the question "Did you see the children getting off the school bus?" even though there was no school bus in the video.A week later,both groups were asked,"Did you see a school bus in the film?" What happened?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the misinformation effect, where the way a question is asked can influence a person's memory of an event. The group that was asked about the school bus (which wasn't even in the video) was more likely to say "yes" to the second question about a school bus, even though it wasn't there. This shows how leading questions can alter a person's memory of an event. Option A is incorrect because both groups did not have the same probability of saying "yes" to the second question. Option C is incorrect because the group who heard the first question was more likely to say "yes," not "no." Option D is unlikely since the misinformation effect is a well-documented phenomenon, and most people are susceptible to it.

Question 20

Individuals with amnesia typically have problems with __________ memories while __________ memories remain intact.

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory involves facts and events and can be consciously recalled, which is often impaired in amnesia. Procedural memory, related to skills and tasks, tends to remain intact.

Quiz 7: Memory

Researchers gave participants four paragraphs describing childhood events.Three of the stories were true (provided by the participants' parents) and the fourth was false,but plausible (being lost on a family outing) .When asked to provide further details,