Question 1

According to the M'Naghten rule,a criminal defendant is legally insane if he or she:

Accepted Answer

The M'Naghten rule states that a criminal defendant is legally insane if, at the time of the crime, they did not understand the nature and quality of their actions or did not know that what they were doing was wrong due to a mental disease or defect. Therefore, option A is the best choice. The other options do not accurately reflect the criteria for legal insanity under the M'Naghten rule.

Question 2

Insanity refers to

Accepted Answer

Insanity refers to the defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime, specifically whether they were unable to understand the nature of their actions or were unable to distinguish right from wrong due to a mental illness or defect.

Question 3

According to the M'Naghten rule,a criminal defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity if the defendant

Accepted Answer

The M'Naghten rule states that a criminal defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity if at the time of the crime, the defendant was so mentally disordered that they did not know what they were doing or did not understand that their actions were wrong. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it directly corresponds to the requirements of the rule. Choices A, B, and D do not fully capture the requirements of the M'Naghten rule.

Question 4

In order for a defendant in a criminal trial to be found not guilty by virtue of insanity under the M'Naghten rule,what must the defense demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

The M'Naghten rule requires that the defense demonstrate that the defendant was so disordered that he or she did not realize the act was a crime. This is commonly referred to as the "right/wrong" test, meaning the defendant did not understand that the act was legally and morally wrong. The other options listed are not relevant to the M'Naghten rule.

Question 5

Teaching students how to use an optimistic explanatory style when negative life events happen can help those students avoid becoming depressed.Helping these students to avoid depression is an example of

Accepted Answer

Prevention refers to taking steps to stop or reduce the occurrence of a particular problem. In this case, teaching students how to use an optimistic explanatory style to avoid becoming depressed is a form of prevention.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Banning lead and other toxic substances that can damage the brain is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent a disorder or disease from occurring in the first place. The other options are examples of secondary or tertiary prevention, which aim to reduce the severity or impact of an existing disorder or disease.

Question 7

A therapist detects early signs of social anxiety in her client,and she works with the client to relieve the symptoms of anxiety.This therapist is using

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using intervention by working with the client to relieve symptoms of social anxiety that have already appeared. Prevention would involve taking steps to prevent the onset of social anxiety in the first place, such as through early education or environmental changes. Detention and identification are not relevant in this context.

Question 8

__________ is avoiding a disorder from occurring,whereas __________ is identifying a disorder in its early stages and relieving it.

Accepted Answer

Prevention refers to taking steps to avoid a disorder from occurring in the first place, while identification is the act of recognizing an existing disorder. Intervention, on the other hand, is taking steps to address and alleviate a disorder once it has been identified, which is the process referred to as early detection and intervention. Therefore, the best choice is C, Prevention (avoiding a disorder from occurring) and Intervention (identifying a disorder in its early stages and relieving it).

Question 9

According to the M'Naghten rule,an accused person is not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity if

Accepted Answer

The M'Naghten rule states that a person is not guilty by reason of insanity if they did not know the nature of the act or did not know that it was wrong at the time of the crime. Being diagnosed as insane by a psychiatrist or committing a bizarre crime that a mentally healthy person could not have committed are not requirements under the M'Naghten rule. While a disorder listed in DSM-IV may be a contributing factor, it is not sufficient on its own to prove insanity under this rule.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding insanity is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The statement "The majority of defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity go free after their trial" is not true. While some defendants may be released into a mental health facility or community treatment program, they are not simply set free. They may continue to be subject to court-ordered treatment and supervision.

Question 11

Community psychologists have designed prevention programs for a variety of problem behaviors,from aggression and suicide to eating disorders.One general conclusion that can be drawn from these efforts so far is

Accepted Answer

Many prevention programs, despite being well-intentioned, have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness. The emphasis on relying on research rather than solely on good intentions underscores the importance of evidence-based approaches in evaluating the success of these programs.

Question 12

A therapist detects early signs of schizophrenia in his client,and he works to try to prevent a psychotic episode that will seriously disrupt his client's life.Although he cannot make his client's schizophrenia go away,he can help his client avoid further deterioration through the process of

Accepted Answer

The answer of A therapist detects early signs of schizophrenia...

Question 13

Which type of psychologist would typically design programs for preventing psychological problems?

Accepted Answer

Community psychologists typically design programs for preventing psychological problems at the community level. They focus on understanding and addressing the social, cultural, and economic factors that contribute to mental health issues, and work to create interventions that promote wellness and prevent the development of psychological problems.

Question 14

Approximately what percentage of criminals use the insanity defense?

Accepted Answer

Less than 1% of criminal cases use the insanity defense, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

Question 15

A psychologist has been hired to develop a prevention program to reduce teenage smoking.This person would be trained as a

Accepted Answer

A community psychologist focuses on understanding and addressing social problems, such as substance abuse, within the context of community systems. Developing a prevention program to reduce teenage smoking would involve understanding the social and environmental factors that contribute to smoking behavior among teenagers, as well as developing interventions that can be implemented within the community to address these factors. Therefore, a community psychologist would be the best choice for this job.

Quiz 15: Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues