Question 1

Bilateral anterior cingulotomy has been performed in cases of ________ that have not responded to other therapy techniques.

Accepted Answer

Bilateral anterior cingulotomy has been primarily used for treatment-resistant major depression. It involves the surgical removal or destruction of a small part of the anterior cingulate cortex, which is thought to be involved in the regulation of mood and emotions. It is not typically used for other disorders such as antisocial personality disorder, schizophrenia or panic disorder.

Question 2

In the wake of the recent BP oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, there has been an increase in reported cases of _________. Some researchers are finding that virtual reality exposure therapy has helped with the treatment
Of these problems.

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health problem that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, such as the BP oil spill disaster. Virtual reality exposure therapy involves using a virtual environment to simulate a traumatic event and gradually expose the individual to the triggers associated with their PTSD, allowing them to process and overcome their symptoms. This therapy has shown promise in treating PTSD related to the oil spill.

Question 3

Cassie is diagnosed with severe depression. Her psychiatrist has prescribed many medications and psychotherapy, none of which have helped to alleviate her depression. Her psychiatrist is now recommending _________.

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often recommended for individuals with severe depression who have not responded to other treatments. It involves passing an electrical current through the brain to induce a seizure, and it has been found to be effective in treating severe depression in many cases. Lobotomies and trephining are outdated and potentially harmful procedures, and relaxation training and meditation may be useful as adjuncts to other treatments, but are unlikely to be effective on their own for severe depression.

Question 4

Free association occurs during psychoanalysis, when the patient talks freely about anything that comes to mind.

Accepted Answer

During psychoanalysis, free association involves the patient speaking their thoughts, feelings and experiences without censorship or judgment. This allows the patient to access their unconscious mind and explore underlying emotions or memories.

Question 5

Elyn was recently treated with electroconvulsive therapy. She is mostly likely experiencing which psychological disorder?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is typically used as a treatment for severe cases of depression that have not responded to other forms of treatment. It is not typically used for personality disorders, dissociative identity disorder, or anxiety disorders.

Question 6

Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies have had considerable success in treating many types of disorders, including depression, stress disorders, anxiety disorders, and even some types of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies in treating various psychological disorders. These therapies focus on identifying and changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, helping individuals develop coping skills, and improving their overall quality of life.

Question 7

For which disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) originally developed as a treatment?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was originally developed as a treatment for schizophrenia in the 1930s. It was later used for other disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder.

Question 8

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) is used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder.

Accepted Answer

EMDR is a psychotherapy approach that has been proven effective in treating PTSD, among other conditions.

Question 9

In rational emotive behavior therapy, the therapist takes a directive role challenging clients when they make "my way or nothing" statements.

Accepted Answer

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is known for having a directive approach, and one of the core concepts is challenging irrational beliefs, including black-and-white thinking or absolutist statements such as "my way or nothing." The therapist works with clients to identify and challenge these beliefs and encourage them to consider alternative perspectives.

Question 10

Modeling has been used successfully in helping children overcome their fear of going to the dentist, social withdrawal, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and phobias.

Accepted Answer

Modeling, or observing positive behaviors and outcomes demonstrated by others, has been proven effective in various forms of therapy for children, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Behavior Therapy. It is often used in combination with other techniques and interventions to help children overcome various mental health challenges.

Question 11

Which of the following is the appropriate definition of psychosurgery?

Accepted Answer

Psychosurgery refers to surgical procedures that are performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders. These procedures are usually only performed as a last resort after other treatments have failed, and they involve altering neural pathways or removing specific brain tissues. Examples of psychosurgery include lobotomy and deep brain stimulation. Options A, C, and D refer to other types of medical procedures that are not considered psychosurgery.

Question 12

A prefrontal lobotomy is one form of ______ that is no longer practiced.

Accepted Answer

A prefrontal lobotomy is a form of psychosurgery that was once used to treat mental illness by severing the connections between the prefrontal cortex and other areas of the brain. However, the procedure is no longer practiced due to its high risk of negative side effects and the development of alternative treatments such as drug therapy and psychotherapy. Shock treatment (A) and EST (D) are both forms of electroconvulsive therapy, which is still used today but typically as a last resort for severe cases of depression or other mental illnesses.

Question 13

Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional.

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy is a form of treatment that involves talking with a trained mental health professional to address emotional and behavioral problems, often through individual or group sessions.

Question 14

A treatment for severe depression in which an electric shock is delivered to the patient, resulting in a seizure of the body and the release of a flood of neurotransmitters in the brain, is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The treatment described is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prefrontal lobotomy and trephining are outdated and controversial procedures that are no longer used in modern medicine. Relaxation training and meditation are non-invasive treatments that are often used for anxiety or stress-related disorders and would not be effective in treating severe depression.

Question 15

A contingency contract is a formal written agreement in which the goals of behavioral change, reinforcements, and penalties are clearly stated.

Accepted Answer

A contingency contract is a formal written agreement that outlines the goals of a behavior change, the specific reinforcements for meeting those goals, and the penalties for failing to meet them.

Question 16

The primary goal of the person-centered therapist is to facilitate transference.

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of the person-centered therapist is to create a safe and non-judgmental space for the client to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. The concept of transference is not typically emphasized or actively facilitated in person-centered therapy.

Question 17

Why does the administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) often cause memory loss?

Accepted Answer

ECT works by inducing a seizure in the brain, which disrupts the process of consolidation—the process by which memories are transferred from short-term to long-term storage. This can result in temporary or permanent memory loss, particularly of events that occurred in the weeks or months leading up to the treatment.

Question 18

Systematic desensitization is a therapy method used in treating phobias that involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a therapy method used in treating phobias that involves progressively exposing the person to the feared object or situation while teaching them relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety.

Question 19

Samar is undergoing a procedure called transcranial direct current stimulation, or tDCS. Brain stimulation techniques like this are helping researchers understand many different psychological disorders, including all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is being used to study and potentially treat many different psychological disorders, including PTSD, depression, and ADHD. However, there is limited research on its effectiveness in treating anorexia nervosa.

Question 20

A patient scheduled to have an operation called a bilateral anterior cingulotomy may have which of the following diagnoses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient scheduled to have an operation...

Quiz 13: Psychological Therapies