Question 1

The concept that an organism is motivated to act because its body is in a state of need is based on the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The drive theory suggests that behavior is driven by biological needs that arise from imbalances or deficits in the body, such as hunger or thirst. The organism is motivated to engage in certain behaviors in order to reduce these deficits and reach a state of homeostasis. Incentive theory suggests that behavior is motivated by external rewards or punishments rather than internal needs, while affiliation theory relates to the need for social connections and belonging. Instinct theory suggests that behavior is based on innate, fixed patterns of behavior that are inherited.

Question 2

________________ are largely innate motives that push us to investigate, and often change, the environment.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus motives are largely innate motives that drive individuals to explore, interact with, and often change their environment. These motives are not based on deficiencies like hunger or thirst but on the need to engage with the surroundings.

Question 3

Hugh has such powerful sexual needs that he engages in dangerously promiscuous behavior. In this case, Hugh's sexual needs are a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

Hugh's sexual needs are driving his behavior, indicating a motive.

Question 4

It is believed that the hypothalamus controls ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is believed that the hypothalamus controls...

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a social motive?

Accepted Answer

The need for rest is not considered a social motive as it does not involve interpersonal relationships or connections with others. The other options (affiliation, aggression, and achievement) all involve social interactions and connections.

Question 6

______________________ center around our relationships with people.

Accepted Answer

Social motives center around our relationships with people. They include the need for affiliation, intimacy, and social approval. Stimulus motives refer to our need for sensory stimulation, such as curiosity or exploration. Aggression motives refer to a desire to harm others or protect ourselves. Primary motives are based on the need for survival, such as hunger or thirst.

Question 7

An innate or inborn predisposition to act in a specific way is called a/an _______.

Accepted Answer

An instinct is an innate or inborn predisposition to act in a specific way. Drives, incentives, and needs are all important in motivation and behavior, but they are not specifically related to innate predispositions.

Question 8

Which of the following appears to strongly affect the affiliation motive?

Accepted Answer

Researchers believe that learning and early experience strongly affect the affiliation motive. People who received warmth and care during their early years tend to establish warm, trusting relationships with others, while those who lacked such care tend to be wary of other people. Hormonal and anxious states may influence the intensity of the motive, but they do not appear to have as strong and consistent effects as learning and early experience. Instinct is a controversial concept and is not widely accepted as an explanation for the affiliation motive.

Question 9

According to the Highlight article, when Denmark eliminated some laws regulating pornography, there was _______ in sex-related crimes.

Accepted Answer

When Denmark eliminated some laws regulating pornography, there was no increase in sex-related crimes, challenging the assumption that access to pornography would lead to an increase in such crimes.

Question 10

Stimulus motives _________________.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus motives are set in motion by internal stimuli, such as curiosity, exploration, and the need for novelty. They are not directly related to the survival of the organism or dependent on external stimuli, like primary drives such as hunger and thirst.

Question 11

A group of people is watching a movie in which an attractive man and woman are shown getting undressed. Which of the following is most likely to become MOST aroused?

Accepted Answer

According to research, heterosexual men are generally more visually aroused than women, and a scene featuring an attractive man and woman getting undressed is likely to be more arousing for a healthy young man than for any of the other groups listed.

Question 12

Bill hasn't eaten for four days and is very hungry. A friend offers to take him to lunch or to a new Arnold Schwartzennegger movie that she knows Bill wants to see. The drive theory of motivation would predict:

Accepted Answer

The drive theory of motivation states that motivation results from the need to reduce physiological arousal caused by biological needs, such as hunger. In this scenario, Bill hasn't eaten for four days and is very hungry, so he is most likely motivated to reduce his physiological arousal by selecting the option that will satisfy his hunger, which is lunch. Therefore, Bill is more likely to select the lunch option.

Question 13

Greg cannot stand being cooped up in the house all day. He is happiest when he is outdoors engaging in some vigorous activity. His need for activity is a _________________.

Accepted Answer

Greg's need for activity, especially when it is described as being happiest when engaging in vigorous outdoor activities, aligns with a stimulus motive. Stimulus motives are desires for stimulation, including exploration, manipulation of the environment, and physical activity. Unlike primary drives, which are based on biological needs such as hunger and thirst, stimulus motives are not necessary for survival but are essential for psychological well-being and satisfaction.

Question 14

Drives that are unlearned are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Primary drives are unlearned and are based on physiological needs, such as hunger and thirst.

Question 15

When you get too warm, you begin to perspire. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, and perspiring is a physiological response that helps regulate body temperature and maintain homeostasis.

Question 16

An example of intrinsic motivation is reading a textbook because:

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal factors such as joy, interest, and personal satisfaction rather than external rewards or pressures. Reading a textbook because one enjoys reading it is a clear example of intrinsic motivation. Options A, B, and D are all driven by external factors such as grades and monetary incentives.

Question 17

A decline in the level of testosterone in either men or women leads to ___________________.

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is a hormone that plays a key role in sexual desire or libido. A decline in testosterone levels can have a negative impact on sexual desire, leading to a decrease in libido.

Question 18

Primary motives are:

Accepted Answer

Primary motives are inherent or unlearned, meaning they are biologically determined and not a result of learning or social conditioning. Examples of primary motives include hunger, thirst, and sex drive.

Question 19

A need that energizes and directs behavior towards some goal is known as a _______.

Accepted Answer

A motive is a need or desire that drives behavior towards a goal. Cues are signals that trigger behavior, but they do not necessarily involve a need or desire. Behavior is the action itself, not the internal drive behind it. Stimuli are any kind of input, including cues, that can influence behavior.

Question 20

Which of the following is the most recent conclusion concerning the role of stomach contractions in signaling hunger? They:

Accepted Answer

Stomach contractions play a minor role in signaling hunger. Research has shown that while these contractions are associated with feelings of hunger, they are not the primary signals. Hunger is more complex and involves a combination of factors, including hormonal signals from the gut and the brain's interpretation of these signals.

Quiz 9: Motivation, Stress, and Emotion