Question 1

Ceci's bioecological theory is similar to Piaget's in that:

Accepted Answer

Both Ceci's bioecological theory and Piaget's theory are based on a developmental perspective, with a focus on how individuals develop and learn over time. This is a key similarity between the two theories. The other options are incorrect: A is incorrect because Ceci's theory was developed in the 1990s, not the 1980s; B is incorrect because while both theories have had an impact on education, this is not a key similarity between them; and D is incorrect because neither theory is particularly focused on psychometric testing or general ability.

Question 2

Vernon's hierarchical approach has two second-order factors, V:ed represents verbal and educational aptitudes, while K:m represents:

Accepted Answer

Vernon's hierarchical model of intelligence includes two major second-order factors: V:ed, which represents verbal and educational aptitudes, and K:m, which stands for spatial, mechanical, and practical aptitudes.

Question 3

A term that is sometimes used instead of intelligence is:

Accepted Answer

General ability is often used interchangeably with intelligence, as both refer to a broad set of skills and cognitive capabilities that enable problem-solving, learning, and adaptation to new situations.

Question 4

Piagetian approaches have influenced how intellectual functioning is measured through the examination of:

Accepted Answer

Piagetian approaches emphasize individual differences in cognitive development, including how children progress through stages of development and acquire new knowledge and skills. Therefore, Piagetian approaches have primarily influenced the measurement of intellectual functioning through the examination of individual differences in development.

Question 5

Ceci's bioecological theory strongly emphasizes the importance of ___________ when considering intellectual performance.

Accepted Answer

According to Ceci's bioecological theory, intellectual performance is not solely determined by genetics or age, but is shaped by multiple factors in the surrounding environment, including the physical, social, and cultural context. Therefore, context is the most important factor emphasized by this theory when considering intellectual performance.

Question 6

In general, the difference among the psychometric theories of intelligence consists of:

Accepted Answer

Psychometric theories of intelligence differ in how they describe the extent to which intelligence can be attributed to a general factor (g) and the nature of the lower-level factors. While some theories, such as the Spearman's two-factor theory, suggest that intelligence can be largely explained by g, others, like Cattell's theory, emphasize the role of specific abilities or factors. The other options do not accurately capture the differences among psychometric theories of intelligence.

Question 7

Sternberg's triarchic theory is based upon the ________________________.

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence is based upon the information processing model. It suggests that intelligence is the ability to successfully process information, encompassing analytical, creative, and practical aspects.

Question 8

Which individual's original theory proposed that there were seven primary mental abilities and not a general ability factor?

Accepted Answer

Thurstone proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggested that there were seven primary mental abilities: verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed, and reasoning. This was a departure from the prevailing belief at the time that intelligence was a general ability factor (as proposed by Spearman).

Question 9

Which test is among the most commonly used intelligence instruments?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which test is among the most commonly...

Question 10

Which of the following theorists proposes that there are multiple intelligences rather than just one?

Accepted Answer

Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that there are eight different types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.

Question 11

The Wechsler scales all have a mean of ____ and a standard deviation of ____.

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler scales have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. This means that a score of 100 is considered average, and scores that are farther away from 100 represent higher or lower levels of performance. Choice B is incorrect because a mean of 500 would be extremely high for a test. Choice C is incorrect because a standard deviation of 10 would be too small for a test of this nature. Choice D is incorrect because a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 is only appropriate for tests where the scores are dichotomous (i.e. correct/incorrect).

Question 12

With regard to intelligence, most theorists agree that there is both _________________ plus _______________.

Accepted Answer

Most theorists agree that there is one general ability factor (referred to as g) which underlies all intellectual abilities, but there are also many lower-level factors that contribute to specific abilities such as spatial reasoning, verbal comprehension, and memory capacity.

Question 13

The theory that intelligence is a composite of a general factor (g) and one or more specific factor(s) was advanced by:

Accepted Answer

The theory that intelligence is a composite of a general factor (g) and one or more specific factor(s) was advanced by Charles Spearman. He proposed that all intellectual activities share a common factor (g) which he believed to be the basis of intelligence.

Question 14

A child sees a zebra, points to it and says, "Horse!" According to Piaget, this child's behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This child's behavior is an example of assimilation, which is the process of fitting new experiences into existing mental schemas. In this case, the child has a schema for horses and is trying to fit the zebra into that schema. They are assimilating the new information (zebra) rather than accommodating it (creating a new mental schema for zebras).

Question 15

According to Cattell, a person trying to solve an entirely new kind of problem is using his or her __________, whereas a person working on a task that he or she knows well is using his or her __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Cattell, fluid intelligence refers to the ability to solve new problems, while crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge and skills that have been acquired through experience and prior learning. Therefore, option C is the best answer. Options A, B, and D are not accurate because they do not reflect Cattell's specific theory of intelligence.

Question 16

After hearing the child's error, his sister corrects him, saying "No, that's a horse." The following week, the child sees a zebra and labels it correctly.According to Piaget, the child's correction is an example of:

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, accommodation is the process of adjusting one's existing schemas or mental concepts to incorporate new information that differs from previous experiences. In this case, the child had a schema for horses, but after being corrected by his sister, he accommodated his schema to include zebras as well.

Question 17

Theories of intelligence based on the premise that intelligence can be described in terms of mental factors are called the:

Accepted Answer

Psychometric approaches to intelligence focus on identifying and measuring mental factors that are thought to underlie intelligent behavior. These approaches typically use standardized tests to assess cognitive abilities and rely on statistical analysis to identify common factors underlying test performance.

Question 18

According to Luria, ________________ processing involves integrating mental input, whereas ______________ processing is the ability to problem solve by arranging stimuli in serial order.

Accepted Answer

Luria theorized that there are two types of cognitive processing: simultaneous (integrating mental input) and sequential (problem solving by arranging stimuli in order). Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it matches Luria's theory. The other choices do not reflect Luria's theory of cognitive processing.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of Guilford's structure-of-intelligence theory?

Accepted Answer

Guilford's structure-of-intelligence theory includes mental operations, products, and content areas, but not dimensions.

Question 20

The principal difference between the WAIS-IV and the WISC-IV is the:

Accepted Answer

The WAIS-IV is intended for use with individuals aged 16 to 90 years, while the WISC-IV is intended for use with children aged 6 to 16 years. Therefore, the main difference between the two tests is their applicability to different age ranges. Choice A is incorrect because both tests have nonverbal options available for those who lack facility with English. Choice B is incorrect because the WAIS-IV actually has a higher overall reliability compared to the WISC-IV. Choice D is incorrect because both tests use deviation IQs.

Quiz 7: Intelligence General Ability Testing