Question 1

According to Garb (2007), one concern regarding client disclosure is that the exclusive use of computer-administered assessments may lead to more:

Accepted Answer

Computer-administered assessments may lead to more false positives because clients might respond differently to a computer than to a human, potentially exaggerating symptoms.

Question 2

One of the disadvantages of computer-administered assessment is that:

Accepted Answer

Computer-administered assessments cannot gather behavioral observations as effectively as human-administered assessments. This may limit the amount and type of information that can be gathered from the assessment.

Question 3

Research on whether clients are more likely to be honest and self-disclose to a computer as compared to a person indicate that individuals:

Accepted Answer

The research on this topic is mixed, but overall it suggests that individuals may be slightly more likely to disclose personal information to a computer than to a person. However, there are still many factors that can influence this, such as the context and the individual's personality and comfort level with technology. Therefore, it is best to approach each individual case with an open mind and be prepared to adjust the level of technology used based on the individual's needs and preferences.

Question 4

What is the term that applies when the content of an assessment depends on the interactive process between the individual and the computer?

Accepted Answer

Technology-adapted assessment involves the use of technology to adapt the content and difficulty level of an assessment based on the individual's responses during the interactive process between the individual and the computer. This allows for a more personalized and efficient assessment experience. Computer-assisted assessment and computerized testing are related terms, but do not necessarily involve the adaptive nature of technology-adapted assessment. Technologically-adapted testing is not a commonly-used term.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT required for the ethical use of computer-based test interpretation (CBTI), according to Sampson et al.(2003)?

Accepted Answer

According to Sampson et al. (2003), an understanding of the theoretical basis of the test, supervised experience using the test and CBTI, and an understanding of the construct or behavior being measured are all required for the ethical use of CBTI. Experience with developing test interpretation software, however, is not specifically mentioned as a requirement.

Question 6

With the proliferation of online assessments it is important that counselors consider the _______________, which occurs when a report is written so vaguely that it applies to most individuals.

Accepted Answer

The Barnum Effect, also known as the Forer Effect, occurs when vague and general statements that are applicable to most people are presented as personalized and specific to an individual. This can happen in online assessments where pre-written reports are generated based on responses that are not necessarily unique to the individual being assessed. It is important for counselors to be aware of this effect so they do not over-rely on potentially inaccurate information.

Question 7

What might a counselor consider before asking a client to take a computer-administered inventory?

Accepted Answer

The counselor should consider the client's level of comfort and experience with computers before administering a computer-based inventory. Age, gender, interests, socio-economic status, and intelligence may also play a role but are less important than the client's comfort with technology. The counselor may also want to provide support or assistance with the computer-based inventory if necessary. Test sophistication skills and background may be more relevant for certain types of assessments.

Question 8

With respect to computer outputs of technology-assisted assessments, clinicians should:

Accepted Answer

Clinicians should always examine the content of computer outputs before sharing the results with clients. While technology-assisted assessments can be helpful, they are not infallible, and it is important for clinicians to ensure that the output is accurate and appropriate for the specific client. Trusting that computer-generated reports will be equal in quality to reports written by clinicians (Choice A) is not advisable, as technology is not a substitute for the clinical judgment and expertise of a human clinician. While relying on computers for assessment scoring (Choice B) may be appropriate, it is still important for the clinician to review and interpret the results themselves.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an advantage of computer applications in assessment?

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect as computer applications can require a significant investment initially, but they can be cost-effective over time. The other options are advantages of computer applications in assessment.

Question 10

Which of the following is an important question for counselors to consider when evaluating whether to use an online or computer-generated report?

Accepted Answer

All three questions are important considerations when deciding whether to use an online or computer-generated report. Counselors should be knowledgeable about the programming behind the report, ensuring it is valid and based on research. They should also assess how reliable the reports are in comparison to clinician-generated ones.

Question 11

Although the use of mobile technology (i.e., smart phones, tablets) may facilitate the collection of behavioral, emotional or cognitive data between sessions, there exists concern about ________________________ when using these methods.

Accepted Answer

There is concern about privacy and confidentiality when using mobile technology to collect sensitive data between sessions. This is because the data may be more vulnerable to unauthorized access, hacking or theft than if it were collected in person or through more secure methods. It is important for mental health professionals to use technology that is compliant with applicable laws and regulations (e.g., HIPAA) and to take measures to protect the privacy and confidentiality of their clients' data.

Question 12

A counselor using a computer-generated report who was not familiar with the instrument and the constructs being measured is acting:

Accepted Answer

Using a computer-generated report without being familiar with the instrument and the constructs being measured is considered unethical. It is important for counselors to have a comprehensive understanding of the measurement tool being used to ensure accurate and appropriate interpretation of results, and to make informed decisions about treatment interventions.

Question 13

The Test Review Online feature of the Buros Institute website allows users to:

Accepted Answer

The Test Review Online feature of the Buros Institute website allows users to identify assessment instruments that may potentially be useful with certain clients. Option A is incorrect because there is no indication that feedback would be sent to test publishers. Option B is incorrect as not all assessment tools have sample questions and interpretation reports available. Option D is incorrect as there is no evidence that assessment materials can be ordered over the internet.

Question 14

A significant advantage of Internet assessment is that:

Accepted Answer

Internet assessments can be accessed by individuals who may not have had the opportunity to receive assessments in traditional settings, such as those in rural areas, those who are homebound, or those who are uncomfortable with face-to-face counseling. This increased accessibility to assessments can lead to better mental health outcomes for individuals who may have otherwise gone without treatment. Options A, B, and D are not necessarily advantages as they may lead to inaccurate or unreliable results, and the interpretation of results should always be done with the guidance of a professional.

Question 15

Currently, clients' use of online counseling assessment instruments is:

Accepted Answer

Currently, online counseling assessment instruments are unmonitored and have no formal or informal oversight. Professions organizations, test publishers, and governmental regulations have yet to establish clear guidelines and regulations for their use. However, it is essential to note that some online counseling platforms may have their own internal policies and procedures to monitor and ensure the safe and ethical use of these instruments.

Question 16

The fact that online instruments may not be available to individuals who do not have access to computers and/or the Internet raises concerns about the ________________________ of online assessments.

Accepted Answer

The availability of online instruments is related to the norming groups used in developing the test. If certain groups of individuals, such as those without access to computers and/or the Internet, are not included in the norming sample, it may affect the validity and generalizability of the test results. Therefore, the concerns raised in the question are related to the norming groups used in online assessments.

Question 17

A general computer-generated report:

Accepted Answer

A general computer-generated report should not be used in isolation because it lacks the context and interpretation that a clinician can provide. It should be used as a tool to supplement clinical assessment and treatment planning.

Question 18

One example of technology-adapted testing is item __________, where different sets of items or test questions are presented depending on an individual's responses to previous questions.

Accepted Answer

This is actually the definition of branching, where the test adapts to the individual's responses by presenting different sets of questions. The other options (difficulty, discrimination, and variation) do not accurately describe this type of adapted testing.

Question 19

What is the term used when computers or other technologies are involved in the administration, scoring, and/or interpretation of assessment tools?

Accepted Answer

Technology-assisted assessment refers to the use of computers or other technologies in the administration, scoring, and/or interpretation of assessment tools.

Question 20

Prior to the late 1970s, computers were primarily used in assessment to:

Accepted Answer

Prior to the late 1970s, the main use of computers in assessment was to score assessment instruments. This allowed for quicker and more accurate scoring, as well as the ability to analyze large amounts of data.

Quiz 16: Technological Applications and Future Trends

According to Garb (2007) , one concern regarding client disclosure is that the exclusive use of computer-administered assessments may lead to more: