Question 1

The most likely primary site of replication during mononucleosis is the B lymphocyte.

Accepted Answer

Mononucleosis is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which primarily infects and replicates within B lymphocytes.

Question 2

Neonatal sepsis is most commonly caused by group A streptococci.

Accepted Answer

The most common causative organisms for neonatal sepsis are Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria, followed by group B streptococci. Group A streptococci may cause neonatal sepsis, but it is not the most common cause.

Question 3

Tularemia is considered to be a potential bioterrorism agent due its high infective dose.

Accepted Answer

Tularemia is not considered to be a potential bioterrorism agent due to its high infective dose.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about group B streptococci is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Group B streptococci, or Streptococcus agalactiae, do not cause strep throat; this condition is typically caused by Group A streptococci, specifically Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT controlled by a mosquito eradication program?

Accepted Answer

Schistosomiasis is not controlled by a mosquito eradication program because it is caused by a parasitic worm, not a mosquito.

Question 6

Lymph contains red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system and does not contain red blood cells; it primarily contains white blood cells, especially lymphocytes.

Question 7

Yellow fever and chikungunya fever are not currently endemic in the United States. Is it possible that they could become established in the future? What factors would play a role? Be sure to include a comparison of the causative agents and vectors in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yellow fever and chikungunya fever are not...

Question 8

On June 1, a 32-year-old hiker was bitten by a tick. After one week, he noticed an erythrematous ring at the location of the bite. Four weeks later, a physician found a large, macular, centrifugally spreading ring. During the next month, it expanded to 35 cm and faded. Over the next 2.5 years, the man experienced recurrent inflammation of a knee. Identify the periods of incubation, prodromal, illness, and decline. What is the etiology? What caused the symptoms? What treatment should have been administered in July? What treatment should be administered two years later?

Accepted Answer

The answer of On June 1, a 32-year-old hiker was...

Question 9

All lymph that returns to the heart must pass through at least one lymph node.

Accepted Answer

Lymph nodes are small structures that filter lymph before it returns to the bloodstream. Therefore, all lymph must pass through at least one lymph node before returning to the heart.

Question 10

Pathogens must be blood-borne in order to initiate sepsis.

Accepted Answer

Pathogens can also enter the body through the lungs, urinary tract, and other routes, leading to sepsis.

Question 11

Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin is an antibiotic that is effective against bacterial infections, so the fact that the arthritis was treatable with penicillin suggests a bacterial cause.

Question 12

All forms of typhus are associated with arthropod vectors.

Accepted Answer

All forms of typhus, including epidemic or classic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine or endemic typhus, are transmitted by arthropod vectors such as fleas, mites, and lice.

Question 13

Brucella bacteria are considered a potential agent of bioterrorism because

Accepted Answer

Brucella bacteria are considered a potential bioterrorism agent because they can easily become airborne, making them capable of being spread through the air and potentially causing widespread infection.

Question 14

Netting modified for sandflies should also be useful in preventing malaria.

Accepted Answer

Netting modified for sandflies is treated with insecticides, which can also repel and kill mosquitoes that transmit malaria. Therefore, it can be useful in preventing malaria as well.

Question 15

All viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have been confined to the Eastern Hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

Viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks, such as Ebola, have occurred in the Western Hemisphere, including cases in the United States and other regions.

Question 16

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is commonly the result of infections initially focused on the oral cavity.

Accepted Answer

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is commonly caused by bacteria in the mouth, especially in patients with pre-existing heart disease, congenital heart defects, or prosthetic heart valves. The bacteria can enter the bloodstream during dental procedures, causing infection in the endocardium (the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves).

Question 17

Worldwide, which disease is the most serious public health threat: malaria, Chagasʹ disease, or brucellosis? Explain why, and provide a plan to reduce the incidence of the disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Worldwide, which disease is the most serious...

Question 18

A 62-year-old man was hospitalized with an eight-day history of fever, chills, sweats, and vomiting. His temperature on admission was 40°C (104°F). A routine peripheral blood smear revealed ring-shaped bodies in the RBCs. What treatment would you prescribe?

Accepted Answer

The presence of ring-shaped bodies in RBCs suggests malaria, and mefloquine is an antimalarial drug used to treat this condition.

Question 19

Humans are not the normal hosts for Ixodes and Xenopsylla. How, then, do humans contract Lyme disease and plague?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans are not the normal hosts for...

Quiz 23: Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems