Question 1

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system (CNS) lacks traditional lymphatic vessels, although recent studies suggest the presence of a glymphatic system for waste clearance.

Question 2

The merging of _______ forms the right lymphatic duct.

Accepted Answer

The right lymphatic duct is formed by the merging of the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks.

Question 3

Which of these is not a property of an IgG heavy chain?

Accepted Answer

IgG heavy chains bind antigens at the variable region, not at both ends. The constant region is involved in effector functions like complement binding.

Question 4

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ______immunity.

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from mother to fetus through the placenta, providing the newborn with temporary immunity.

Question 5

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

Accepted Answer

The thoracic duct is the main duct for lymph return to the venous circulation, draining lymph from most of the body into the left subclavian vein.

Question 6

In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of passive immunization, where pre-formed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another to provide immediate protection against a disease.

Question 7

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to

Accepted Answer

The classic pathway of complement activation is initiated when the C1 complex binds to an antibody that is attached to an antigen, typically on the surface of a pathogen.

Question 8

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are_______ cells.

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produce and secrete large volumes of antibodies, which are also known as immunoglobulins.

Question 9

T cells and B cells can be activated only by

Accepted Answer

T cells and B cells are activated when they encounter a specific antigen that binds to their receptors, which are located on their plasma membranes.

Question 10

Autoantibodies

Accepted Answer

Autoantibodies are antibodies that mistakenly target and react with a person's own tissues or organs, indicating an autoimmune response.

Question 11

The medullary cords of a lymph node contain _______lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Accepted Answer

The medullary cords of a lymph node primarily contain B lymphocytes and plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies.

Question 12

All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity, except that it

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells can survive for many years, providing long-lasting immunity and allowing for a rapid and robust secondary response.

Question 13

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a _____cell.

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC molecules present antigens to cytotoxic T cells, which then can recognize and destroy infected or abnormal cells.

Question 14

Each IgG has______ binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants.

Accepted Answer

IgG has two binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants.

Question 15

If the disulfide bonds in IgG were broken, how many protein chains would be set free?

Accepted Answer

IgG consists of two heavy chains and two light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. Breaking these bonds would release four separate protein chains.

Question 16

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ______cells.

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells are directly responsible for cellular immunity as they can directly kill infected or cancerous cells.

Question 17

________is the class of antibody first secreted in response to a new antigen.

Accepted Answer

IgM is the first antibody produced and secreted by B cells in response to a new antigen, providing an initial defense.

Question 18

Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is the primary site where hematopoietic stem cells reside and differentiate into various blood cells, including all types of lymphocytes.

Question 19

Inflammation produces localized

Accepted Answer

Inflammation is characterized by heat, swelling, redness, and pain, which are all part of the body's response to injury or infection.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about MHC proteins is not true?

Accepted Answer

MHC proteins do not bind complement; they are primarily involved in antigen presentation and immune response.

Quiz 20: The Lymphoid System and Immunity

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the