Question 1

Mr. M is being treated with the antimanic drug lithium. Which of the following nutrients will he have to monitor faithfully?

Accepted Answer

Lithium treatment requires careful monitoring of sodium and water intake because lithium levels in the body are closely related to sodium levels. Changes in sodium balance can affect lithium concentration, potentially leading to toxicity or decreased effectiveness.

Question 2

The interaction of tyramine and a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor can produce:

Accepted Answer

Tyramine, found in certain foods and beverages, can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure when ingested by someone taking a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. This is because MAO inhibitors prevent the breakdown of tyramine, leading to its accumulation and subsequent hypertensive effects.

Question 3

Individuals receiving anticoagulant therapy with warfarin should be instructed to monitor their consumption of foods high in vitamin K because:

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is a key factor in the body's ability to clot blood. Warfarin works by inhibiting the action of Vitamin K, thus reducing blood clotting. Consuming foods high in Vitamin K can counteract the effects of warfarin, making it less effective in preventing blood clots.

Question 4

Mr. H is being treated for tuberculosis with isoniazid. Which of the following vitamins may become deficient as a result of therapy?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid therapy can lead to a deficiency in vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) due to its role in the metabolism of the drug, interfering with the vitamin's utilization in the body.

Question 5

To decrease the risk of excessive drug availability when felodipine or nicardipine are prescribed, the client may be told not to drink:

Accepted Answer

Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs, including felodipine and nicardipine, leading to increased drug levels in the body and potentially causing adverse effects.

Question 6

Which type of drug-nutrient interaction occurs in the delivery device before or during drug administration?

Accepted Answer

Type I drug-nutrient interactions occur outside the body, such as in the delivery device, before or during drug administration.

Question 7

Which type of interaction occurs with oral or enteral intake, producing increased or decreased bioavailability of either the drug or nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Type II interactions occur with oral or enteral intake, affecting the bioavailability of drugs or nutrients through mechanisms such as altered gastric pH, delayed gastric emptying, or binding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 8

Which of the following would the nurse expect to administer for isoniazid toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is administered for isoniazid toxicity to prevent or treat the peripheral neuropathy that can be caused by isoniazid, a medication used to treat tuberculosis.

Question 9

Which class of medications increases the catabolism of the matrix of the bone, inhibits the osteoblasts from building new bone, and prevents the liver from processing vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids increase the catabolism of the bone matrix, inhibit osteoblasts from building new bone, and can interfere with the liver's ability to process vitamin D, leading to bone density loss and increased risk of osteoporosis.

Question 10

Which of the following interactions cannot be prevented by scheduling medications in relation to nutrient intake?

Accepted Answer

Simvastatin's interaction with grapefruit juice is due to grapefruit juice's effect on the enzymes that metabolize simvastatin, leading to increased drug levels in the body. This interaction is not related to the timing of nutrient intake but rather to the presence of grapefruit juice in the diet.

Question 11

Mr. S is a 45-year-old posttrauma client. A motor vehicle accident 6 months ago paralyzed him and killed his wife and daughter. He is now receiving isocarboxazid for depression. Close attention to Mr. A's diet is essential. Which of the following foods will he have to avoid completely?

Accepted Answer

Isocarboxazid is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used in the treatment of depression. Patients taking MAOIs must avoid foods high in tyramine, such as bananas, canned meats, and chocolate, to prevent hypertensive crises.

Question 12

Clients taking warfarin who have increased intestinal activity, as in a flare of inflammatory bowel disease or diarrhea, should:

Accepted Answer

Increased intestinal activity can affect the absorption of warfarin and vitamin K, potentially altering the effectiveness of the medication and the stability of INR values. Monitoring INR values more frequently can help manage and adjust warfarin dosage as needed to maintain therapeutic levels and reduce the risk of bleeding or clotting complications.

Question 13

Which of the following medications have been shown to be less effective if administered with enteral feedings?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin's absorption can be significantly reduced when administered with enteral feedings due to chelation with cations present in the formula, leading to decreased bioavailability.

Question 14

Which of the following situations increases the risk of food-drug interactions?

Accepted Answer

Taking many medications increases the risk of food-drug interactions because the more medications a person takes, the higher the chance that one of those medications will interact with food or with another medication.

Question 15

For clients taking levodopa, dietary recommendations may include:

Accepted Answer

Levodopa's absorption can be affected by dietary protein. Taking higher protein foods later in the day rather than earlier can help improve the medication's effectiveness by reducing competition for absorption in the small intestine. This strategy helps in managing the protein-levodopa interaction without necessarily increasing the total daily protein intake, which is not specifically recommended. Distributing fat content is not directly related to levodopa administration guidelines.

Question 16

Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for a food-drug interaction?

Accepted Answer

A 50-year-old man with chronic alcoholism is at the greatest risk for a food-drug interaction due to the potential for alcohol to interact with many medications, either by altering their metabolism or enhancing their effects, leading to increased side effects or decreased efficacy.

Question 17

Which of the following foods would a nurse instruct a client to avoid on a tyramine-restricted diet?

Accepted Answer

Mozzarella cheese and pepperoni sausage are high in tyramine, which should be avoided on a tyramine-restricted diet.

Question 18

Ms. I has been placed on a maintenance dose of an oral anticoagulant after a heart attack. Which of the following diet instructions is appropriate for her?

Accepted Answer

Green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can affect the efficacy of certain oral anticoagulants like warfarin by promoting clot formation. Keeping the intake of these vegetables consistent helps maintain stable drug action and effectiveness.

Question 19

Phenytoin and folic acid use the same binding sites in the body. If an increased intake of folic acid inhibits phenytoin therapy to the extent that seizure activity increases, the effect is termed

Accepted Answer

Phenytoin and folic acid compete for the same binding sites in the body. If an increased intake of folic acid inhibits phenytoin therapy to the extent that seizure activity increases, the effect is termed a pharmacodynamic interaction.

Question 20

Which one of the following drugs is least likely to cause food-drug interactions because of the usual way in which it is prescribed?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin for bronchitis is least likely to cause food-drug interactions because it is typically prescribed to be taken on an empty stomach or with water, and its absorption is not significantly affected by most foods.

Quiz 15: Interactions: Food and Nutrients Versus Medications and Supplements