Question 1

Regional fat distribution may be associated with several major health problems.

Accepted Answer

Regional fat distribution, particularly when fat is concentrated around the abdomen (visceral fat), is associated with an increased risk of several health problems, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

Question 2

The detrimental effects of obesity, which may lead to the development of chronic diseases, occur
when obesity persists for ten years or more and then may shorten life by as much as four years.

Accepted Answer

Obesity persists for ten years or more and then may shorten life by as much as four years.

Question 3

Research evidence clearly indicates that watching TV may be the key factor that contributes to
obesity.

Accepted Answer

While excessive TV watching can contribute to a sedentary lifestyle, obesity is a complex condition influenced by multiple factors including diet, physical activity, genetics, and environment. No single factor, including TV watching, can be identified as the key contributor to obesity.

Question 4

The hunger center and satiety center are located in the medulla.

Accepted Answer

The hunger center and satiety center are located in the hypothalamus, not the medulla.

Question 5

Very-low-Calorie diets are very successful in long-term maintenance of weight loss.

Accepted Answer

Very-low-calorie diets often lead to significant weight loss initially, but most people struggle to maintain this weight loss over the long term due to the difficulty in adhering to the restrictive nature of these diets and the potential for metabolic adaptations that decrease energy expenditure.

Question 6

Individuals who have a Body Mass Index greater than 30 are classified as obese and this is always an
indication that they have too much fat on their body.

Accepted Answer

While a BMI greater than 30 is classified as obese, it does not always accurately indicate excess fat as it does not differentiate between excess fat, muscle, or bone mass, nor does it account for distribution of fat.

Question 7

The human body is governed by the laws of thermodynamics, thus a negative energy balance causes
loss in body weight.

Accepted Answer

A negative energy balance occurs when the energy expended by the body exceeds the energy intake from food, leading to weight loss as the body uses stored fat and other tissues for energy.

Question 8

Leptin is a regulating hormone derived from body fat and inhibits the production of neuropeptide Y, a
potent stimulant of food intake.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger. It acts on receptors in the hypothalamus of the brain where it inhibits the production of neuropeptide Y, a peptide that stimulates appetite, thereby reducing food intake and promoting weight loss.

Question 9

Gynoid-type fat cells do not appear to contribute to health risks as greatly as those associated with
android obesity.

Accepted Answer

Gynoid fat distribution, typically characterized by fat stored around the hips and thighs, is generally considered less risky in terms of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases compared to android fat distribution, which is centered around the abdomen and is more closely associated with higher health risks.

Question 10

Bioelectrical impedance analysis is based on the principle of resistance to an electric current, with the
less the recorded resistance, the greater the water content, and hence the greater the body density.

Accepted Answer

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method of measuring body composition by passing a small electrical current through the body and measuring the resistance to the current. The less the recorded resistance, the greater the water content, and hence the greater the body density.

Question 11

Quetelet's Index differs from the Body Mass Index, another height-weight relationship, because it
maintains a range of 25-30 to be normal.

Accepted Answer

Quetelet's Index is actually another name for the Body Mass Index (BMI), so they do not differ in their definition or the ranges they use to classify weight status.

Question 12

The vast majority of the energy that is expended by the body on a daily basis is accounted for by the
basal metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) accounts for about 60-75% of the body's daily energy expenditure, covering the energy used for basic functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production while at rest.

Question 13

Heredity and environmental factors both contribute to obesity, thus in some instances an individual is
not capable of achieving and maintaining a desirable body weight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heredity and environmental factors both contribute to...

Question 14

Very low-Calorie diets or modified fasts are generally regarded as unsafe and should not be utilized as
a weight-loss program.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Very low-Calorie diets or modified fasts are...

Question 15

Android-type body figure appears to be more resistant to change than gynoid-type figure.

Accepted Answer

Android-type body figure, characterized by fat distribution in the upper body, is generally more metabolically active and easier to lose than fat in a gynoid-type figure, which is characterized by fat distribution in the hips and thighs.

Question 16

Weight cycling and its effect on behavior, metabolism, and health is a controversial issue and further
research is needed.

Accepted Answer

Weight cycling, often referred to as "yo-yo dieting," involves repeated loss and regain of body weight. The effects of weight cycling on behavior, metabolism, and health are complex and not fully understood, leading to ongoing debate and the need for further research to clarify its impacts.

Question 17

The set-point theory of weight control proposes that adaptive thermogenesis is a physiological
adjustment that will return you to normal if you start to deviate from your set point.

Accepted Answer

The set-point theory suggests that the body has a built-in mechanism, such as adaptive thermogenesis, that regulates body weight by adjusting metabolism to bring the body back to its predetermined weight, or "set point," when it starts to deviate.

Question 18

Both dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and infrared interactance use only one measurement to
evaluate body fat, fat-free mass, and bone tissue and appear to be more effective than underwater weighing.

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) uses two different X-ray beams to estimate bone mineral density, fat mass, and fat-free mass, while infrared interactance involves the use of infrared light to assess body composition, making them different in their approach from underwater weighing, which is considered a gold standard for body composition analysis. Additionally, DEXA is known for its accuracy in evaluating bone tissue, but saying it's more effective than underwater weighing for body composition analysis is subjective and depends on the specific context or criteria used for "effectiveness."

Question 19

The main culprit in the diet that leads to obesity is excess consumption of carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

Obesity is caused by an imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended, not by any single nutrient such as carbohydrates. Factors include excessive intake of calories from any source (including fats and proteins), lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility.

Question 20

Underwater weighing and body plethysmography are direct methods of analyzing body
composition.

Accepted Answer

Underwater weighing and body plethysmography are considered indirect methods of analyzing body composition, as they estimate body composition (e.g., fat mass and fat-free mass) based on the measurement of body density and the application of prediction equations, rather than directly measuring the components.

Quiz 10: Body Weight and Composition for Health and Sport

Regional fat distribution may be associated with several major health problems.

The detrimental effects of obesity, which may lead to the development of chronic diseases, occur when obesity persists for ten years or more and then may shorten life by as much as four years.

Research evidence clearly indicates that watching TV may be the key factor that contributes to obesity.

The hunger center and satiety center are located in the medulla.

Very-low-Calorie diets are very successful in long-term maintenance of weight loss.

Individuals who have a Body Mass Index greater than 30 are classified as obese and this is always an indication that they have too much fat on their body.

The human body is governed by the laws of thermodynamics, thus a negative energy balance causes loss in body weight.

Leptin is a regulating hormone derived from body fat and inhibits the production of neuropeptide Y, a potent stimulant of food intake.

Gynoid-type fat cells do not appear to contribute to health risks as greatly as those associated with android obesity.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis is based on the principle of resistance to an electric current, with the less the recorded resistance, the greater the water content, and hence the greater the body density.

Quetelet's Index differs from the Body Mass Index, another height-weight relationship, because it maintains a range of 25-30 to be normal.

The vast majority of the energy that is expended by the body on a daily basis is accounted for by the basal metabolic rate.

Heredity and environmental factors both contribute to obesity, thus in some instances an individual is not capable of achieving and maintaining a desirable body weight.

Very low-Calorie diets or modified fasts are generally regarded as unsafe and should not be utilized as a weight-loss program.

Android-type body figure appears to be more resistant to change than gynoid-type figure.

Weight cycling and its effect on behavior, metabolism, and health is a controversial issue and further research is needed.

The set-point theory of weight control proposes that adaptive thermogenesis is a physiological adjustment that will return you to normal if you start to deviate from your set point.

Both dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and infrared interactance use only one measurement to evaluate body fat, fat-free mass, and bone tissue and appear to be more effective than underwater weighing.

The main culprit in the diet that leads to obesity is excess consumption of carbohydrates.

Underwater weighing and body plethysmography are direct methods of analyzing body composition.