Question 1

The protein-sparing effect spares the utilization of protein as an energy source and allows it to be used
for more important metabolic functions.

Accepted Answer

The protein-sparing effect refers to the body's preference to use carbohydrates and fats over proteins for energy, allowing proteins to be used for their primary functions such as growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.

Question 2

Plants provide good sources of protein and may supply all the essential amino acids necessary for
human nutrition when certain foods, such as grains and legumes, are eaten together.

Accepted Answer

Combining different plant-based foods, such as grains and legumes, can provide all essential amino acids, making it possible to obtain complete protein from plant sources.

Question 3

Endurance training appears to increase the capacity of the muscle to derive energy from protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Endurance training appears to increase the capacity...

Question 4

The International Society of Sports Nutrition recommends that athletes consume a 1:3-4 ratio of
carbohydrates to protein within 30 minutes of exercise to enhance recovery.

Accepted Answer

The International Society of Sports Nutrition recommends a post-exercise ratio of carbohydrates to protein closer to 3:1 or 4:1 for optimal recovery, not 1:3-4.

Question 5

Glycogenic amino acids are converted to carbohydrates by gluconeogenesis, and ketogenic amino
acids may be metabolized to acetyl CoA, utilized in the Krebs cycle or converted to fats; thus, the energy content is not wasted.

Accepted Answer

Glycogenic amino acids can indeed be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis, providing a source of energy during fasting or low-carbohydrate intake. Ketogenic amino acids are metabolized into acetyl CoA, which can enter the Krebs cycle for energy production or be used in the synthesis of fatty acids, ensuring that their energy content is utilized and not wasted.

Question 6

The body can store excess amino acids for later use.

Accepted Answer

Excess amino acids are not stored for later use; instead, they are broken down, and the nitrogen component is excreted while the remaining parts can be used for energy or converted into carbohydrates or fats.

Question 7

Available research supports the ability of protein supplements to improve physical performance above
and beyond the effects of the training program.

Accepted Answer

Most research indicates that protein supplements primarily help with recovery and muscle synthesis but do not significantly enhance physical performance beyond the effects of a well-structured training program and adequate nutrition.

Question 8

Infusing amino acids, such as arginine and lysine, has been shown to increase the secretion of human
growth hormone and enhance muscular development and strength.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infusing amino acids, such as arginine and...

Question 9

Recent recommendations, based on reputable research, list the range for dietary protein to be from 10-
30 grams of protein per kilogram body weight per day.

Accepted Answer

The general recommendation for protein intake is approximately 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day for the average adult, not 10-30 grams per kilogram, which would be excessively high.

Question 10

The thermic effect (TEF) is greater for protein compared to carbohydrate and fat.

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect of food (TEF) is higher for protein than it is for carbohydrate and fat because the body uses more energy to digest, absorb, and metabolize protein compared to carbohydrates and fats.

Question 11

Some scientists have proposed that low levels of serum-free tryptophan in conjunction with high
levels of branched-chain amino acids may be a major factor in the origin of fatigue during prolonged endurance exercise.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some scientists have proposed that low levels...

Question 12

Sports anemia has been shown to be prevalent in all subjects initiating a strenuous training program, and it is suggested that balanced diets be enhanced with protein supplements.

Accepted Answer

Sports anemia is not prevalent in all subjects initiating a strenuous training program; it can occur in some athletes due to increased plasma volume rather than a true deficiency in iron or an actual decrease in red blood cell counts. The management of sports anemia often focuses on a balanced diet and may not necessarily require protein supplements unless a specific deficiency is identified.

Question 13

According to the American College of Sports Medicine, endurance and resistance athletes should
consume 1.2-1.7 grams of protein per kilogram bodyweight per day.

Accepted Answer

The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that endurance and resistance athletes consume 1.2-1.7 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day to support muscle repair and growth.

Question 14

Aspartates, in dosages of approximately 5 grams, have been reported to increase blood levels of
free fatty acids and decrease levels of blood ammonia, which have been associated with improved performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aspartates, in dosages of approximately 5 grams,...

Question 15

As a person goes through his/her life cycle, the amount of protein per unit body weight remains at a
constant ratio.

Accepted Answer

The amount of protein required per unit body weight changes throughout a person's life cycle, with infants needing more protein per pound than adults due to their rapid growth and development.

Question 16

Proteinuria has been observed in a variety of sports, and research suggests that the greater the intensity
of the exercise, the greater the loss of protein.

Accepted Answer

Intense physical activity can increase the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidneys, leading to a higher excretion of proteins in the urine, a condition known as exercise-induced proteinuria.

Question 17

A sufficient amount of carbohydrate Calories must be present to provide a protein-sparing effect.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates provide energy that the body can use, sparing proteins from being broken down for energy, allowing them to be used for their primary functions such as tissue repair and growth.

Question 18

Most well-controlled research involving acute BCCA supplementation has reported no significant
ergogenic effects on exercise performance.

Accepted Answer

Most well-controlled research on acute Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) supplementation has indeed found no significant ergogenic (performance-enhancing) effects on exercise performance, suggesting that acute BCAA intake does not improve exercise outcomes in a meaningful way.

Question 19

A decreased plasma glutamine level in over-trained athletes was hypothetically linked to impairment of the immune system.

Accepted Answer

Decreased plasma glutamine levels in over-trained athletes have been hypothesized to be linked to an impaired immune system, as glutamine is crucial for various immune functions, including lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production.

Question 20

A nonessential amino acid that is in short supply in a particular food is called a limiting amino
acid.

Accepted Answer

A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is in the shortest supply from incomplete proteins relative to the body's needs, not a nonessential amino acid.

Quiz 6: Protein: the Tissue Builder

The protein-sparing effect spares the utilization of protein as an energy source and allows it to be used for more important metabolic functions.

Plants provide good sources of protein and may supply all the essential amino acids necessary for human nutrition when certain foods, such as grains and legumes, are eaten together.

Endurance training appears to increase the capacity of the muscle to derive energy from protein.

The International Society of Sports Nutrition recommends that athletes consume a 1:3-4 ratio of carbohydrates to protein within 30 minutes of exercise to enhance recovery.

Glycogenic amino acids are converted to carbohydrates by gluconeogenesis, and ketogenic amino acids may be metabolized to acetyl CoA, utilized in the Krebs cycle or converted to fats; thus, the energy content is not wasted.

The body can store excess amino acids for later use.

Available research supports the ability of protein supplements to improve physical performance above and beyond the effects of the training program.

Infusing amino acids, such as arginine and lysine, has been shown to increase the secretion of human growth hormone and enhance muscular development and strength.

Recent recommendations, based on reputable research, list the range for dietary protein to be from 10- 30 grams of protein per kilogram body weight per day.

The thermic effect (TEF) is greater for protein compared to carbohydrate and fat.

Some scientists have proposed that low levels of serum-free tryptophan in conjunction with high levels of branched-chain amino acids may be a major factor in the origin of fatigue during prolonged endurance exercise.

Sports anemia has been shown to be prevalent in all subjects initiating a strenuous training program, and it is suggested that balanced diets be enhanced with protein supplements.

According to the American College of Sports Medicine, endurance and resistance athletes should consume 1.2-1.7 grams of protein per kilogram bodyweight per day.

Aspartates, in dosages of approximately 5 grams, have been reported to increase blood levels of free fatty acids and decrease levels of blood ammonia, which have been associated with improved performance.

As a person goes through his/her life cycle, the amount of protein per unit body weight remains at a constant ratio.

Proteinuria has been observed in a variety of sports, and research suggests that the greater the intensity of the exercise, the greater the loss of protein.

A sufficient amount of carbohydrate Calories must be present to provide a protein-sparing effect.

Most well-controlled research involving acute BCCA supplementation has reported no significant ergogenic effects on exercise performance.

A decreased plasma glutamine level in over-trained athletes was hypothetically linked to impairment of the immune system.

A nonessential amino acid that is in short supply in a particular food is called a limiting amino acid.