Question 1

Research examining males' ratings of female physical attractiveness has found:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is a surprising degree of cross-cultural consistency in males' ratings of female physical attractiveness, suggesting that certain standards of beauty may be universally recognized.

Question 2

The theory that states that we are most likely to help others with whom we share the most genes is known as:

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory of altruism proposes that individuals are more likely to help others with whom they share the most genes, as this increases the chances of their own genes being passed on.

Question 3

The evolutionary theory of reciprocal altruism states that:

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal altruism involves helping others with the expectation that they will help in return in the future, which aligns with choice A.

Question 4

When working on a group project, Trisha helped one group member complete his part of the project but in the process did not do as well as she could have on her own. In this example, Trisha's behaviour is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When working on a group project, Trisha...

Question 5

Evolutionary theorists argue that women prefer older men because they are more likely to have:

Accepted Answer

Older men are more likely to have accumulated resources and social status, which can be attractive traits from an evolutionary perspective for providing stability and support.

Question 6

Individuals who put themselves at risk for survival when helping others are displaying ________.

Accepted Answer

Altruism refers to selfless concern for the well-being of others, often involving personal risk or sacrifice.

Question 7

One of the most common causes of homicide in humans is sexual jealousy. According to an evolutionary perspective, this example best supports which of the following functions of aggression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the most common causes of...

Question 8

The difference between altruism and cooperation is that in altruism:

Accepted Answer

In altruism, the helping individual puts itself at risk or incurs a cost to its own survival or reproduction to benefit another individual, without expecting any direct benefit in return.

Question 9

According to the , organisms are most likely to help those who are offspring and genetic relatives.

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory suggests that organisms are more likely to help those who share their genes, such as offspring and genetic relatives, to increase the chances of their genes being passed on to future generations.

Question 10

Kin selection theory has difficulties explaining the following behaviour:

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory focuses on the genetic relatedness of individuals and how it influences their altruistic behavior. It has difficulty explaining altruistic behavior towards non-relatives, such as a woman saving a neighbor from a mugger.

Question 11

The kin selection theory is most relevant to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory explains altruistic behavior by suggesting that individuals are more likely to help relatives, thereby increasing the chances of their shared genes being passed on to future generations.

Question 12

Buss's study on desired mate characteristics showed that the highest rated characteristic by both men and women, who were from a range of ethnic, religious, and socio-economic groups, was:

Accepted Answer

Buss's study found that mutual attraction and love was the highest rated characteristic desired by both men and women across various ethnic, religious, and socio-economic groups.

Question 13

When working on a group project, Trisha helps to gain the information needed to complete the project and the group receives an A+ on the project. Trisha's behaviour is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Trisha's behavior exemplifies cooperation as she works with others to achieve a common goal, resulting in a successful group project.

Question 14

Research has shown that across cultures, with respect to ratings of attractiveness in women, men show _ _.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that men across different cultures tend to show very high consistency in their ratings of attractiveness in women, often preferring features that are associated with health and fertility.

Question 15

The evolutionary perspective might argue that men prefer characteristics in women like clear smooth skin, physical health, and high energy level because they are associated with future reproductive potential and _.

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective suggests that men are attracted to traits that signal a woman's health, as it is closely linked to her reproductive potential and ability to bear healthy offspring.

Question 16

Across cultures, with respect to gender differences in mate preferences there is ________.

Accepted Answer

There is very high consistency across cultures in gender differences in mate preferences, with men generally preferring younger, physically attractive mates and women preferring older, resource-rich partners.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of the research on symmetrical faces?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that both men and women generally prefer symmetrical faces, not just men.

Question 18

Nicole donates food to the local food bank every month for those who are less fortunate. Which theory helps to explain why she does this?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal altruism explains behaviors where individuals help others with the expectation that the favor will be returned in the future, even if not immediately. Nicole's donation can be seen as an act of altruism with the potential for future social or personal benefits.

Question 19

A mother risks her own life by rushing into a burning house to save her son. According to the kin selection theory, she is most likely performing this altruistic behaviour because
________.

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory suggests that individuals are more likely to perform altruistic acts for those with whom they share a high degree of genetic relatedness, such as a mother and her son, to ensure the survival of shared genes.

Question 20

A situation in which one individual helps another and in doing so also gains some advantage for themselves is known as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A situation in which one individual helps...

Quiz 4: Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour