Question 1

In the Tchambuli tribe from New Guinea, women are more assertive and are responsible for obtaining the tribe's food, while the men usually spend their days working on their art and talking about the women. According to researchers taking a cultural psychology approach, this reversal of the typical western gender roles is:

Accepted Answer

This reversal of gender roles is attributed to the unique cultural expectations and learning experiences within the Tchambuli tribe, as cultural psychology emphasizes the influence of culture on behavior and social roles.

Question 2

The statement, "a person does not act upon the world, the world acts upon the person," would most likely have been said by:

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner, a behaviorist, believed that behavior is determined by environmental factors and that the environment acts upon the person, shaping their behavior through reinforcement and punishment.

Question 3

Research on whether or not the presence of others will influence if an individual will stop to help a bystander would be an example of research taking which perspective?

Accepted Answer

The research is examining how the presence of others (a social factor) influences behavior, which aligns with the sociocultural perspective.

Question 4

In response to the psychodynamic and behavioural perspectives, the humanistic movement believes that:

Accepted Answer

The humanistic movement emphasizes individual free will and personal growth, suggesting that personality development is controlled by the individual.

Question 5

Humanistic theorists assume that everyone has an innate tendency towards personal growth and achieving one's individual potential. This concept is called:

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is the concept that everyone has an innate tendency towards personal growth and achieving one's individual potential.

Question 6

A psychologist who acknowledges the importance of both the environment and internal thoughts in determining human behaviour would likely be associated with which of the following perspectives of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behaviourism integrates both environmental influences and internal cognitive processes in understanding human behaviour.

Question 7

Behaviourism gave rise to a set of behaviour change techniques that were known as:

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism led to the development of "behaviour modification" techniques, which are strategies used to change behavior through reinforcement and punishment.

Question 8

Jerry and his psychologist often discuss how Jerry finds personal meaning in his life. The psychologist also focuses on the power of choice and free will. This psychologist most likely believes in which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of personal meaning, choice, and free will.

Question 9

The psychological perspective that arose from the philosophical roots that emphasized free will, innate tendencies to work towards personal growth, and the attempt to find meaning in personal existence is called:

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective focuses on free will, personal growth, and finding meaning in life, aligning with the philosophical roots mentioned.

Question 10

The term that refers to persisting values, beliefs, behaviours, and traditions that are shared by a large group of people and are passed from one generation to the next is:

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and traditions of a group of people that are passed down from generation to generation.

Question 11

Susan is having trouble with anxiety and is working with a therapist to address this problem. As part of her treatment, the therapist teaches Susan how to change her anxiety-provoking thoughts and how to change her environment so that it reinforces the positive behaviours she wants to practice. Susan's therapist is most likely associated with which area of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behaviourism focuses on changing thought patterns and environmental factors to influence behavior, which aligns with the therapist's approach in teaching Susan to alter her anxiety-provoking thoughts and environment.

Question 12

Sam and Ben are brothers. Sam attends the local neighbourhood school, while his younger brother, Ben, attends an exclusive private school. Sam is very proud of his home and frequently invites friends over to his house to study or just relax. Ben, on the other hand, does not want his classmates to see how poor his family is and is embarrassed by the small house his family lives in. In this case, the opposing views of the same home can be explained from a sociocultural perspective in the following way:

Accepted Answer

Each boy's reality is shaped by his different social settings at school, influencing their perceptions of their home.

Question 13

The psychological perspective that focuses on the diversity of societies and how customs are transmitted to its members is called:

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective focuses on the diversity of societies and how customs are transmitted to its members.

Question 14

Levine and colleague's research on whether individuals would marry someone they didn't love most clearly demonstrates the influence of:

Accepted Answer

Levine and colleague's research highlights how cultural norms and values shape individuals' perceptions and decisions about marriage, including the acceptability of marrying without love.

Question 15

Positive psychology is an outgrowth from which perspective?

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is an outgrowth of the humanist perspective, which focuses on individual potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.

Question 16

The humanistic and behavioural perspectives are similar in that:

Accepted Answer

Both perspectives recognize the role of the environment in shaping behavior and experiences.

Question 17

The psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives are similar in that both acknowledge the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Both the psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives focus on internal personality processes, such as emotions, thoughts, and motivations, in understanding human behavior.

Question 18

The perspective that acknowledges the importance of the environment and internal mental processes in determining behaviour is called:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behaviourism recognizes the role of both environmental influences and internal mental processes in shaping behavior.

Question 19

According to the sociocultural perspective, the rules that specify what is and is not acceptable behaviour for members of a group (such as what men and women should wear or how to act in different social situations) are called:

Accepted Answer

Norms are the unwritten rules and expectations about how people should behave in a particular social group or culture. They guide acceptable behavior and help maintain order within the group.

Question 20

Keri has always had a strong desire to paint. Her parents insist she go to college rather than the art school she wishes to attend. Her therapist, who is aligned with the humanistic perspective believes:

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth and self-fulfillment, suggesting that Keri may become frustrated if she cannot pursue her passion for painting.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour