Question 1

Psychoanalysis is the analysis of internal and primarily unconscious psychological forces.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis is a therapeutic approach aimed at exploring the unconscious mind of a person to gain insights into their emotions, thoughts and behaviors. It was developed by Sigmund Freud and involves the interpretation of dreams, free association, and the analysis of transference and resistance.

Question 2

If a researcher is studying norms then that individual is most likely taking a humanistic perspective to studying psychology.

Accepted Answer

The study of norms is more closely related to social psychology rather than humanistic psychology.

Question 3

The behavioural psychological perspective is rooted in the work of structuralist Wilhelm Wundt.

Accepted Answer

The behavioural psychological perspective is not rooted in the work of Wundt, but rather in the work of Ivan Pavlov and John Watson, who focused on observable behaviour and the study of stimulus-response relationships. Wundt is considered the founder of modern psychology, but his work focused on introspection and the study of conscious experience, which is not the main focus of the behavioural perspective.

Question 4

One of the intellectual precursors to the cognitive revolution was the debate over how children acquire language.

Accepted Answer

The study of language acquisition in children was one of the key topics that helped lead to the development of cognitive psychology as a field, and helped drive the shift away from behaviorism and towards the study of mental processes.

Question 5

The thinking of functionalists like William James was strongly influenced by Darwin's evolutionary theory.

Accepted Answer

Functionalists like William James believed that psychology should focus on the adaptation of behavior to the environment, which is consistent with Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Question 6

A psychologist who emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and unconscious factors would likely be associated with the cognitive-behaviourism
psychological perspective.

Accepted Answer

A psychologist who emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and unconscious factors would likely be associated with the psychodynamic psychological perspective, not cognitive-behaviourism.

Question 7

Collectivistic cultures place a strong emphasis on personal goals and accomplishments.

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultures prioritize group harmony and interdependence over individual achievement. Therefore, personal goals and accomplishments are generally seen as less important than the well-being and success of the group as a whole.

Question 8

Cognitive neuroscience involves the intersection of the cognitive perspective with the biological perspective by combining brain- imaging techniques while individuals engage in cognitive tasks.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes cognitive neuroscience, which involves using brain imaging techniques to study cognitive processes and their underlying biological mechanisms.

Question 9

Behaviour genetics is the study of how evolution shaped modern human behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Behavior genetics is the field of study that examines the role of genetic and environmental influences on behaviors, not how evolution shaped modern human behavior.

Question 10

The cognitive psychological perspective views human beings as information processors who think, plan, and solve problems.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive psychological perspective focuses on how people process and use information, including how they think, plan, and solve problems. This perspective is based on the idea that people are active in their own learning and that their mental processes can be studied scientifically.

Question 11

Structuralists were concerned with breaking human consciousness down into its essential components, whereas Gestalt psychologists were interested in how the elements of
experience are organized into wholes.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the differences between the approaches of structuralists and Gestalt psychologists. Structuralists believed that experience could be broken down into basic elements, while Gestalt psychologists focused on how those elements are perceived as wholes.

Question 12

One of the strengths of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory is that his concepts are relatively easy to assess and measure.

Accepted Answer

One of the criticisms of psychoanalytic theory is that its concepts are difficult to operationalize and measure in a scientific way, making it less reliable and less widely accepted among the scientific community compared to other psychological theories.

Question 13

The goal of basic research is simply to learn more about something, while applied research is typically done to solve some real world problems.

Accepted Answer

This is the basic definition and difference between basic and applied research.

Question 14

One goal of psychology is being able to predict how animals or people will behave under specific circumstances.

Accepted Answer

One of the main goals of psychology is to understand and predict behavior under different circumstances, whether it is studying animal behavior or human behavior.

Question 15

Research has shown that the most important psychological perspective for understanding human behaviour is the biological perspective.

Accepted Answer

There is no single psychological perspective that is considered the most important for understanding human behavior; rather, multiple perspectives (biological, cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, evolutionary, and sociocultural) contribute valuable insights, and their relevance can vary depending on the specific aspect of human behavior being examined.

Question 16

The humanistic psychological perspective emphasizes free will and innate human tendencies towards growth.

Accepted Answer

The statement correctly represents the key principles of humanistic psychology, which emphasizes individual agency and potential, as well as the importance of subjective experience and personal meaning-making.

Question 17

Sigmund Freud first thought that his patients were creating fantasies about being
sexually abused as children, but he later revised this view and stressed that he believed these reports to be real and accurate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sigmund Freud first thought that his patients...

Question 18

The dualism position assumes that the mind and body are one, while the monism position asserts that the mind is in fact separate from the body.

Accepted Answer

The statement is actually the other way around. Dualism asserts that the mind and body are separate, while monism assumes they are one.

Question 19

A criticism of the sociobiology approach is that it places too much emphasis on cultural factors.

Accepted Answer

The criticism of the sociobiology approach is actually that it places too much emphasis on biological factors and genetic determinism, rather than cultural factors.

Question 20

Positive psychology movement was discussed in the context of the behavioural perspective.

Accepted Answer

The positive psychology movement originated as a reaction to the traditional focus on pathology and mental illness in psychology. It is not closely associated with the behavioural perspective, but rather developed as a separate field that emphasizes the promotion of positive emotions, behaviors, and traits.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour