Question 1

Which statement best summarizes the conclusions of Kellman and Spelke's habituation experiment regarding infant perception of "wholeness" of an object?

Accepted Answer

The study showed that infants were better able to identify the whole form of an object when motion cues were present, suggesting that motion plays a role in their perception of wholeness. The other statements are not supported by the study.

Question 2

Based upon the research of Kellman and Spelke,under what circumstances do 4-month-old infants infer "wholeness" of a partially hidden object?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based upon the research of Kellman and...

Question 3

It has been found that preterm infants do not begin to blink when an object looms at them until several weeks after full-term infants do.Based on current research,what accounts for this effect?

Accepted Answer

Preterm infants have not fully developed and matured their visual systems, including the ability to process and respond to incoming visual stimuli such as looming objects, which accounts for the delayed onset of blinking behavior compared to full-term infants.

Question 4

When Baby T rocks his head back and forth while lying on his back in the crib,he perceives that images of close objects show more motion than objects across the room.What is the term for this visual cue?

Accepted Answer

The visual cue described is related to motion parallax, which is a type of kinetic cue that provides information about the distance of objects based on their relative motion as the viewer moves. Stereopsis and binocular cues are related to depth perception, while perspective cues relate to the size and shape of objects based on their distance and angle of view.

Question 5

Lawrence knows that a quarter is exactly the same size regardless of whether he looks at it from far away or from up close.In order to understand this concept,what aspect of visual perception has Lawrence acquired?

Accepted Answer

Lawrence has acquired the concept of size constancy, which is the ability to perceive an object as being the same size regardless of changes in its distance or viewing angle.

Question 6

Conrad and Chelsea are shopping for a mobile to hang above their newborn's crib.Their best choice would be a mobile that contains high contrasts of which colours?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conrad and Chelsea are shopping for a...

Question 7

Jana tells you that her 2-day-old daughter is able to visually track an object moving above her crib.Is this ability to track movement typical of all infants?

Accepted Answer

It is typical for a newborn to be able to visually track an object, especially if the object is moving slowly. This ability is present from birth and continues to develop throughout infancy. However, an infant's ability to track movement may be limited by factors such as the speed of the object, the distance from which it is viewed, and the lighting in the surrounding environment.

Question 8

Of the following stimuli,which would be most likely to attract a neonate's visual attention?

Accepted Answer

Human faces are highly attractive to neonates and they have been shown to preferentially look at faces over other visual stimuli.

Question 9

When does sensitivity to cues about the depth,distance,and size of objects develop?

Accepted Answer

Sensitivity to cues about the depth, distance, and size of objects develops within the first 6 months of life. Infants use various visual cues, such as texture gradients, interposition, and binocular disparity, to perceive depth and distance. As they grow and gain experience, they become more adept at using these cues to navigate and interact with the environment.

Question 10

Lisette is 6,Julia is 10,and Jacqueline is 14.They were all shown pictures of two girls with common external facial contours,but different internal features such as the shape of the lips and the eyes.Based on Daphne Maurer's research,which child would you expect detect differences between the two pictures?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lisette is 6,Julia is 10,and Jacqueline is...

Question 11

Daphne Maurer and colleagues demonstrated a developmental progression in the ability to use different pieces of information for face recognition.According to their research findings,what is the correct developmental sequence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Daphne Maurer and colleagues demonstrated a developmental...

Question 12

Similar to the development of form perception,an infants' perception of depth,distance,and size constancy appears in response to specific stimuli.What is the common property of these stimuli?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Similar to the development of form perception,an...

Question 13

What is thought to account for the failure of neonates to perceive form?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is thought to account for the...

Question 14

In comparison to an adult,how are the neonate's visual capabilities best described?

Accepted Answer

Neonates have visual capabilities that are functional but not as developed as those of adults. They can see, but their vision is not as sharp or fully developed, especially in terms of focusing, depth perception, and color discrimination.

Question 15

Clyde tells his friends that even though he travels a lot and is only home about once every two weeks,his 6-month-old son still knows him.Is Clyde right?

Accepted Answer

Infants as young as 6 months can indeed remember faces they have been exposed to, even if they do not see them again for a period of up to two weeks. This ability is part of their developing recognition memory and attachment processes.

Question 16

Depth cue abilities emerge at different ages.What is the correct developmental sequence for these depth cue categories,from youngest to oldest?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic cues are understood first, followed by binocular cues, and finally pictorial cues as children develop.

Question 17

Which feature is least likely to attract the attention of an infant?

Accepted Answer

Infants are attracted to high-contrast images, complex forms, and curvature. They have limited color vision and are less likely to be attracted to a limited color range.

Question 18

When do visual looming and development of size constancy occur?

Accepted Answer

Visual looming and development of size constancy occur at different periods during the first year of life. Visual looming develops earlier, at around 3 months of age, while size constancy develops later, at around 6-9 months of age.

Question 19

In newborns,which sense is the least similar to an adult's?

Accepted Answer

Vision is the least similar sense in a newborn compared to an adult. Newborns have poor visual acuity and are unable to focus on objects beyond 8-10 inches from their face. They also have limited color vision, as their eyes have not fully developed the cones necessary for distinguishing between different colors. It takes several months for a newborn's vision to develop and reach adult-like levels.

Question 20

In Fantz's looking-chamber experiment,which stimulus did babies prefer to gaze at?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Fantz's looking-chamber experiment,which stimulus did babies...

Quiz 7: Early Cognitive Foundations