Question 1

You are a member of a group of five people whose task it is to address and stuff 1,000 envelopes for mailing.Research on _______ suggests that it would be better to give each person 200 envelopes to address and stuff the envelopes alone,whereas research on _______ suggests that it would be better to have everyone work on the task together in the same room.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing suggests that individuals in a group might put in less effort because they believe others will pick up the slack, which supports dividing the work to ensure everyone is responsible for their portion. Social facilitation suggests that the presence of others can improve performance on simple tasks, which supports the idea of working together in the same room.

Question 2

Dozens of social psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation have employed everything from people to birds,ants,and cockroaches.Which of the following is the one consistent finding has emerged from these many studies?

Accepted Answer

The consistent finding that has emerged from social psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation is that the presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks. This phenomenon is known as the "mere presence" effect, where the mere presence of others can increase arousal and motivation, leading to better performance on simple tasks. However, for difficult tasks, the presence of others can lead to anxiety and distraction, impairing performance instead.

Question 3

When people or roaches undertake a difficult task,the presence of others _______ performance; whereas when they undertake a simple task,the presence of others _______ performance.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory suggests that the presence of others enhances performance when the task is simple or well-learned, but impairs performance when the task is difficult or new. Therefore, when people or roaches undertake a difficult task, the presence of others impairs performance, whereas when they undertake a simple task, the presence of others enhances performance.

Question 4

Robert Zajonc and his colleagues (1969)employed the lowly cockroach in their studies of social facilitation.In the presence of other cockroaches,roaches would run faster down a straight-away to escape a bright light than they would alone,but took longer in the presence of a cockroach audience when the escape route was more complicated (i.e.,when they had to run a maze).These findings support the idea that

Accepted Answer

The findings suggest that the presence of other cockroaches improved the performance of a well-learned response (running down a straight-away to escape a bright light), but impeded performance when the task was more complicated (running a maze). This supports the idea of social facilitation, where the presence of others enhances performance on simple, well-learned tasks.

Question 5

According to the definition presented in the text,which of the following is an example of social facilitation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the definition presented in the...

Question 6

The term for group qualities that promote liking between members and bind members together is

Accepted Answer

Group cohesiveness refers to the degree to which members of a group feel connected to one another and motivated to remain part of that group. This can include feelings of liking, loyalty, and shared identity among group members. Group cohesiveness can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as the size of the group, its level of commitment to a common goal or purpose, and the degree of interdependence between the members.

Question 7

_______ is the key to social facilitation effects,whereas _______ is the key to social loafing effects.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation effects are caused by the increase in arousal that occurs when people are in the presence of others. On the other hand, social loafing effects are caused by relaxation due to the diffusion of responsibility and feeling less accountable for individual performance. Therefore, arousal is the key to social facilitation effects, whereas relaxation is the key to social loafing effects.

Question 8

In order for social facilitation to occur,the minimum requirement is the

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory states that the mere presence of others can enhance an individual's performance on simple or well-learned tasks. Therefore, the minimum requirement for social facilitation to occur is the mere presence of others. The other options (A, B, C, and D) may contribute to social facilitation effects, but they are not the minimum requirement.

Question 9

The presence of others will facilitate performance for

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory suggests that the presence of others can improve performance on simple or well-learned tasks but may hinder performance on complex or new tasks. Washing a car, as in Tim's case, is a simple, well-learned task, so his performance is likely to be facilitated by the presence of others. Tasks like leading a difficult discussion, giving a partially memorized speech, performing a first heart surgery, and learning a new gymnastics routine are complex and would likely be hindered by the presence of others.

Question 10

Adele has never driven a car with a standard transmission before.That is,she's never had to decide when to shift gears,push in the clutch,or stop suddenly when the car is in gear.She's just bought a car with standard transmission and wants to practice driving it before she takes it onto the highway.What should she do?

Accepted Answer

Adele should drive the car alone and circle a large parking lot a few times to practice shifting gears, using the clutch, and stopping suddenly. This will allow her to focus on the mechanics of driving a standard transmission without any distractions or pressure from others in the car or on the road. Once she feels comfortable, she can start practicing on quieter streets before moving onto the highway. Bringing along friends or having them follow behind her may cause unnecessary distractions and pressure. Buckling her seat belt is always a must but it doesn't directly address the issue of practicing driving a standard transmission.

Question 11

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information,whether _______ and whether _______.

Accepted Answer

The presence of others may either enhance or impair performance depending on the task's simplicity or complexity, and whether an individual's performance can be evaluated. Other factors, such as arousal or social relationships, may also play a role but are not as critical in predicting the impact of others on performance as task complexity and evaluability.

Question 12

The more cohesive a group is,the more likely it is to

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that the more cohesive a group is, the more likely they are to retain their members, involve them in activities, and recruit similar members. This means that the group is working together towards common goals, supporting each other, and creating a strong bond among themselves. Constraints, polarization, rejection, and pressure are not characteristics of a cohesive group.

Question 13

Mitch is about to provide expert testimony in court about the scientific research on false confessions.The judge,the lawyers,the jury,and many spectators in the courtroom will be listening to what he has to say.Fortunately,he has prepared a lot for the trial,and has given expert testimony many times before.Because of ______________,the presence of the audience is likely to make Mitch perform ____________ if he was videotaping himself giving testimony alone at home.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation refers to the phenomenon in which the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-learned tasks. Given that Mitch has prepared a lot and has given expert testimony many times before, the presence of the audience is likely to boost his performance, resulting in him performing better than if he was alone at home.

Question 14

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when a group of people surround the table to watch you play.If you are _______ player,you would play _______ because of the arousing effects of their presence.

Accepted Answer

The presence of a group of people can have an arousing effect on an excellent player, leading to better performance compared to before. Therefore, an excellent player would play better than before.

Question 15

Both social facilitation and social loafing are manifestations of the influence that the presence of others has on our behaviours.These phenomena differ,however,in that presence of others _______ in social facilitation situations and _______ in social loafing situations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both social facilitation and social loafing are...

Question 16

Robert Zajonc (1965)wrote an influential article in which he posited a theoretical explanation for the social facilitation effect.Elegantly simple,this explanation included what two steps?

Accepted Answer

Zajonc's explanation for the social facilitation effect posits that the presence of others causes arousal, which in turn affects performance differently depending on the task's complexity: enhancing performance on simple or well-learned tasks and impairing performance on complex or new tasks.

Question 17

The Wednesday Night Social Club has several couples that have been with the group for more than a decade.They all get along well and all of the members like each other.They meet every week for a different social activity often at each other's homes.Frequent activities include potluck and card games.Two new couples in the same age group who have moved into the neighbourhood have attended recently.This group shows evidence of

Accepted Answer

The evidence of the long-standing couples getting along well and the enjoyment of each other's company suggests a high level of cohesiveness within the group. The fact that new couples have attended and been welcomed into the group further supports this. Transactive memory, continuity, consensus, and strong leadership may also be present within the group, but there is not enough information in the passage to definitively state this.

Question 18

_______ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation refers to the tendency for people to perform better on simple or well-learned tasks when others are present. However, people tend to perform worse on complex or new tasks in the presence of others. This phenomenon occurs because the presence of others increases arousal and evaluation apprehension, which enhances performance on easy tasks but hinders it on difficult tasks.

Question 19

Jamal studied long and hard for his psychology exam,has mastered the material,and can answer any question that anyone poses.When he enters the classroom on the day of the examination,the room is more crowded than it's been all term.In this situation,Jamal should

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence in the scenario provided that suggests that Jamal would perform better in a quiet room or that he needs to be separated from the rest of the class. Additionally, there is no indication that the exam is designed to be performed as a conjunctive or additive task. Therefore, the best course of action would be for Jamal to remain in the classroom and take the exam as he normally would.

Question 20

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?

Accepted Answer

The statement specifically mentions that women were limited to certain roles, which means they did not have access to a wide range of opportunities available to them. This is an example of the cost of social roles, as individuals are restricted by the expectations and limitations placed on them by society.

Quiz 8: Group Processes

Dozens of social psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation have employed everything from people to birds,ants,and cockroaches.Which of the following is the one consistent finding has emerged from these many studies?

When people or roaches undertake a difficult task,the presence of others _ performance; whereas when they undertake a simple task,the presence of others _ performance.

According to the definition presented in the text,which of the following is an example of social facilitation?

The term for group qualities that promote liking between members and bind members together is

_ is the key to social facilitation effects,whereas _ is the key to social loafing effects.

In order for social facilitation to occur,the minimum requirement is the

The presence of others will facilitate performance for

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information,whether _ and whether _.

The more cohesive a group is,the more likely it is to

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when a group of people surround the table to watch you play.If you are _ player,you would play _ because of the arousing effects of their presence.

Both social facilitation and social loafing are manifestations of the influence that the presence of others has on our behaviours.These phenomena differ,however,in that presence of others _ in social facilitation situations and _ in social loafing situations.

Robert Zajonc (1965) wrote an influential article in which he posited a theoretical explanation for the social facilitation effect.Elegantly simple,this explanation included what two steps?

_______ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

Jamal studied long and hard for his psychology exam,has mastered the material,and can answer any question that anyone poses.When he enters the classroom on the day of the examination,the room is more crowded than it's been all term.In this situation,Jamal should

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?