Question 1

Gordon Russell (1983)found that spectators at a violent hockey game got increasingly hostile and belligerent over the course of the game.It took _______________ for the spectators' hostility to get back to where they were before the game.

Accepted Answer

Gordon Russell's study found that it took several hours for the spectators' hostility to return to pre-game levels.

Question 2

_______ reflects the idea that if people can "aggress" in harmless ways,built up aggressive energies will diminish,reducing the odds of further aggressive behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Catharsis is the idea that if people can release their aggressive energies in harmless ways, it can lead to a reduction in further aggressive behavior by diminishing built-up aggressive energies. The other options do not specifically relate to the release of aggressive energy in this way.

Question 3

Little Neil is frustrated and is threatening to throttle his baby sister.His mother intervenes,and suggests that Neil "get over it" by taking a dozen eggs and smashing them against the tree in the front yard.Neil's mother appears to be a proponent of _______ as a means of reducing aggression.

Accepted Answer

Neil's mother suggests he take out his frustration and aggression by smashing eggs against a tree, which is an example of catharsis. This theory suggests that releasing pent-up emotions can reduce aggression. However, research has shown that this is not always effective and can sometimes lead to an increase in aggression.

Question 4

Which factor creates the strongest deterrent for violent behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The certainty of punishment is the factor that creates the strongest deterrent for violent behavior. This means that knowing with a high degree of certainty that one will receive a punishment for committing a violent act is more effective in deterring such behavior than the severity of the punishment.

Question 5

According to the authors,when we are angry,it is best to

Accepted Answer

Making a clear, calm, and simple statement that we are angry and why can help to communicate our emotions effectively without further escalating the situation. It can also help to prevent misunderstandings and address the root cause of the anger. Distracting ourselves, stifling our feelings, or venting through physical activity may not necessarily address the underlying issues and could potentially lead to further aggression or harm. Publicly ridiculing the source of our anger is not a productive or respectful way to address the situation.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about catharsis is true?

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology suggests that both acting out aggressively and observing aggressive behavior can increase the likelihood of future aggressive actions, rather than providing a cathartic effect that reduces such tendencies.

Question 7

You woke up late and are far behind at work.When you reach the end of your rope,you treat your secretary with hostility and disrespect.This mistreatment causes you to experience dissonance,which you are most likely to reduce by

Accepted Answer

Thinking about the secretary's past mistakes can help justify your behavior and reduce cognitive dissonance by aligning your actions with your perception of the secretary.

Question 8

You've arrived half an hour late to pick up a friend.She was scheduled to take an examination and even if you speed on the way to the university,she will now lose at least 20 minutes of the time she needs to complete the exam.According to the authors,what is the best thing to say when you arrive?

Accepted Answer

Option E demonstrates accountability and takes responsibility for the situation. It also shows empathy towards the friend's predicament. This response is the most appropriate in this scenario.

Question 9

Teresa punches a pillow every time she feels aggression building up toward her younger brother and this makes her feel relieved and more relaxed.Such an outcome supports the notion of _______.

Accepted Answer

The outcome of feeling relieved and more relaxed after punching a pillow supports the notion of catharsis, which suggests that releasing pent-up emotions through a behavioral or expressive outlet (such as punching a pillow) can lead to a decrease in those emotions. None of the other options accurately describe this process or outcome.

Question 10

Gordon Russell (1983),a sports psychologist,observed the behaviour of fans during an especially violent hockey game.He found that as the game progressed,spectators became more belligerent and hostile,not less.These findings present a direct challenge to the assumption that _______ reduces aggression.

Accepted Answer

The findings challenge the assumption that vicariously discharging aggressive impulses (through watching sports) reduces aggression, as spectators became more hostile.

Question 11

Allison's boyfriend Billy has missed her birthday again.What should Billy do to diffuse Allison's impulse to be aggressive towards him?

Accepted Answer

The best way to diffuse the situation is for Billy to apologize sincerely for forgetting Allison's birthday. This shows that he recognizes the importance of the occasion and he is taking responsibility for his mistake. Making jokes or avoiding the situation will only make it worse, while asking her friends to apologize for him is not genuine and may even cause more tension between them. Choosing a new girlfriend is not an appropriate solution to this problem.

Question 12

Patterson (1974)measured the hostility levels of high school football players both one week before the season began and one week after the season ended.The results showed that _______________,suggesting that _____________

Accepted Answer

Patterson (1974) found that hostility levels in high school football players increased over the season, which challenges the catharsis theory that suggests releasing aggression in socially acceptable ways reduces aggression and hostility.

Question 13

_______ is to aggression as _______ is to constructive solutions.

Accepted Answer

Lack of social skills can lead to aggression, while communication training can lead to constructive solutions.

Question 14

According to cognitive dissonance theorists,when people attempt to vent their aggressive impulses by harming another person,they are more likely to engage in later acts of aggression because

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive dissonance theorists, people who harm others in order to reduce dissonance are likely to derogate the victim in order to justify their actions and reduce their own discomfort. This can increase the likelihood of later acts of aggression, as the aggressor has already rationalized their behavior by blaming the victim or finding other justifications for their actions.

Question 15

In recent studies of catharsis and aggression,Bushman,Baumeister,and Stack (1999)found that

Accepted Answer

The study found that catharsis and venting anger actually increases anger rather than reducing it.

Question 16

Gordon Russell (1983),a sports psychologist,observed the behaviour of fans during an especially violent hockey game.Contrary to predictions based on the notion of catharsis,Russell found that the belligerence and hostility of the spectators

Accepted Answer

Russell's observation contradicted the catharsis theory, which suggests that expressing aggression reduces future aggression. Instead, he found that the spectators' belligerence and hostility increased throughout the game.

Question 17

A preschool teacher encourages an angry child to "use your words" to express anger at another child.In essence,the teacher is encouraging _________,which reduces aggression.

Accepted Answer

Encouraging the child to communicate their emotions through words promotes non-violent communication and helps the child to express themselves without resorting to aggressive behavior. This can help reduce aggression and improve social skills.

Question 18

Who is most likely to behave aggressively?

Accepted Answer

Mikael, being involved in football and boxing, sports that can be physically aggressive and competitive, might be more exposed to aggressive behaviors, potentially normalizing or encouraging such behaviors in other aspects of his life.

Question 19

Arthur Patterson (1974)studied the hostility levels of high school football players both one week before and one week after the football season.If engaging in socially acceptable aggressive behaviour like football reduces hostility,then the players' level of hostility should have

Accepted Answer

If engaging in socially acceptable aggressive behavior reduces hostility levels, then the players' hostility levels should have decreased over the duration of the playing season. Therefore, the best choice is E.

Question 20

Sara has tried for an hour to retrieve her ball from the roof of the house,without success.She's growing increasingly frustrated and has begun to yell at her friends.Her father intervenes to halt her aggression and suggests that Sara go into the garage and scream until her throat hurts and her ears ring.Sara's father is apparently a proponent of _______ as a means of reducing aggression.

Accepted Answer

Sara's father is suggesting that she use catharsis, which is the release of emotional tension through expressing feelings, in this case by screaming. This is a way to reduce aggression and is a common recommendation for anger management.

Quiz 11: Aggression

Gordon Russell (1983) found that spectators at a violent hockey game got increasingly hostile and belligerent over the course of the game.It took _______________ for the spectators' hostility to get back to where they were before the game.

_______ reflects the idea that if people can "aggress" in harmless ways,built up aggressive energies will diminish,reducing the odds of further aggressive behaviour.

Little Neil is frustrated and is threatening to throttle his baby sister.His mother intervenes,and suggests that Neil "get over it" by taking a dozen eggs and smashing them against the tree in the front yard.Neil's mother appears to be a proponent of _______ as a means of reducing aggression.

Which factor creates the strongest deterrent for violent behaviour?

According to the authors,when we are angry,it is best to

Which of the following statements about catharsis is true?

You woke up late and are far behind at work.When you reach the end of your rope,you treat your secretary with hostility and disrespect.This mistreatment causes you to experience dissonance,which you are most likely to reduce by

You've arrived half an hour late to pick up a friend.She was scheduled to take an examination and even if you speed on the way to the university,she will now lose at least 20 minutes of the time she needs to complete the exam.According to the authors,what is the best thing to say when you arrive?

Teresa punches a pillow every time she feels aggression building up toward her younger brother and this makes her feel relieved and more relaxed.Such an outcome supports the notion of _______.

Allison's boyfriend Billy has missed her birthday again.What should Billy do to diffuse Allison's impulse to be aggressive towards him?

Patterson (1974) measured the hostility levels of high school football players both one week before the season began and one week after the season ended.The results showed that ___,suggesting that _

_ is to aggression as _ is to constructive solutions.

According to cognitive dissonance theorists,when people attempt to vent their aggressive impulses by harming another person,they are more likely to engage in later acts of aggression because

In recent studies of catharsis and aggression,Bushman,Baumeister,and Stack (1999) found that

Gordon Russell (1983) ,a sports psychologist,observed the behaviour of fans during an especially violent hockey game.Contrary to predictions based on the notion of catharsis,Russell found that the belligerence and hostility of the spectators

A preschool teacher encourages an angry child to "use your words" to express anger at another child.In essence,the teacher is encouraging _________,which reduces aggression.

Who is most likely to behave aggressively?

Arthur Patterson (1974) studied the hostility levels of high school football players both one week before and one week after the football season.If engaging in socially acceptable aggressive behaviour like football reduces hostility,then the players' level of hostility should have

Quiz 11: Aggression

Gordon Russell (1983) found that spectators at a violent hockey game got increasingly hostile and belligerent over the course of the game.It took _______________ for the spectators' hostility to get back to where they were before the game.

_______ reflects the idea that if people can "aggress" in harmless ways,built up aggressive energies will diminish,reducing the odds of further aggressive behaviour.

Little Neil is frustrated and is threatening to throttle his baby sister.His mother intervenes,and suggests that Neil "get over it" by taking a dozen eggs and smashing them against the tree in the front yard.Neil's mother appears to be a proponent of _______ as a means of reducing aggression.

Which factor creates the strongest deterrent for violent behaviour?

According to the authors,when we are angry,it is best to

Which of the following statements about catharsis is true?

You woke up late and are far behind at work.When you reach the end of your rope,you treat your secretary with hostility and disrespect.This mistreatment causes you to experience dissonance,which you are most likely to reduce by

You've arrived half an hour late to pick up a friend.She was scheduled to take an examination and even if you speed on the way to the university,she will now lose at least 20 minutes of the time she needs to complete the exam.According to the authors,what is the best thing to say when you arrive?

Teresa punches a pillow every time she feels aggression building up toward her younger brother and this makes her feel relieved and more relaxed.Such an outcome supports the notion of _______.

Allison's boyfriend Billy has missed her birthday again.What should Billy do to diffuse Allison's impulse to be aggressive towards him?

Patterson (1974) measured the hostility levels of high school football players both one week before the season began and one week after the season ended.The results showed that _______________,suggesting that _____________

_______ is to aggression as _______ is to constructive solutions.

According to cognitive dissonance theorists,when people attempt to vent their aggressive impulses by harming another person,they are more likely to engage in later acts of aggression because

In recent studies of catharsis and aggression,Bushman,Baumeister,and Stack (1999) found that

Gordon Russell (1983) ,a sports psychologist,observed the behaviour of fans during an especially violent hockey game.Contrary to predictions based on the notion of catharsis,Russell found that the belligerence and hostility of the spectators

A preschool teacher encourages an angry child to "use your words" to express anger at another child.In essence,the teacher is encouraging _________,which reduces aggression.

Who is most likely to behave aggressively?

Arthur Patterson (1974) studied the hostility levels of high school football players both one week before and one week after the football season.If engaging in socially acceptable aggressive behaviour like football reduces hostility,then the players' level of hostility should have

Patterson (1974) measured the hostility levels of high school football players both one week before the season began and one week after the season ended.The results showed that ___,suggesting that _

_ is to aggression as _ is to constructive solutions.