Question 1

The chi-square test assesses whether the __________ observed in a cross-tabulation Diverge from those one would expect under the null hypothesis of no difference between Groups.
A)rows
B)columns
C)frequencies
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The chi-square test assesses whether the frequencies observed in a cross-tabulation diverge from those one would expect under the null hypothesis of no difference between groups.

Question 2

Correlation measures the degree to which 2 variables are related to __________.
A)one another
B)one
C)zero
D )the normal curve

Accepted Answer

Correlation measures the degree to which two variables are related to one another, indicating how changes in one variable are associated with changes in another.

Question 3

Chapter 5 focused on the normal distribution, in which most cases fall near the _____ and a Few fall _____.
A)middle, in the tails
B)tails, in the middle
C)middle, in the top half
D )tails, in the bottom half

Accepted Answer

The normal distribution is characterized by a bell-shaped curve where most cases are concentrated near the middle (mean) of the distribution, and fewer cases are found in the tails (extremes) of the distribution.

Question 4

Introduced in Chapter 10, Pearson's r measures the linear _______ between two ______ -Level variables.
A)correction, interval
B)correlation, nominal
C)correction, nominal
D)correlation, interval

Accepted Answer

Pearson's r measures the linear correlation between two interval-level variables, assessing the strength and direction of their linear relationship.

Question 5

Compared with parametric tests, nonparametric techniques are __________ powerful,__________ able to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
A)more, less
B)less, less
C)less, more
D )more, more

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric tests are generally less powerful than parametric tests, meaning they are less likely to reject the null hypothesis when it is false because they do not make assumptions about the population's parameters.

Question 6

Chapter 7 introduced the logic of __________ in the context of making comparisons Between two groups.
A)fact checking
B)chance taking
C)hypothesis building
D)hypothesis testing

Accepted Answer

Chapter 7 introduces the logic of hypothesis testing in the context of making comparisons between two groups. This involves formulating a hypothesis and then using statistical methods to determine if the observed data support or refute the hypothesis.

Question 7

Chapter 2 presented methods for __________ variables as a first step in summarizing and Describing their distributions.
A)tabulating and graphing
B)compacting
C)removing
D)t umbling and gripping

Accepted Answer

Tabulating and graphing variables are common methods used for summarizing and describing their distributions, as they help in organizing data and visualizing patterns or trends.

Question 8

The modal value represents the __________value.
A)average
B)middle-most
C)most common
D)m ost extreme

Accepted Answer

The modal value in a data set is the value that appears most frequently, hence it represents the most common value.

Question 9

Chapter 8 extended the comparison of means to three or more groups through the__________.
A)analysis of frequency
B)variability of frequency
C)analysis of variance
D )variability of analysis

Accepted Answer

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is the statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups to determine if at least one group mean is significantly different from the others.

Question 10

The median value represents the __________value.
A)average
B)middle-most
C)most common
D)m ost extreme

Accepted Answer

The median value is defined as the middle-most value in a set of numbers when they are arranged in ascending or descending order. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle numbers.

Question 11

Chapter 12, on nonparametric measures, extended the correlational approach to variables That are measured at __________ than the __________ level.
A)less, nominal
B)more, ordinal
C)more, interval
D)less, interval

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric measures are used for data that do not meet the assumptions required for parametric tests, including data that are measured at less than the interval level, such as ordinal or nominal data.

Question 12

Measures of variability are used to characterize how the data are ________ around the ________ of the distribution.
A)dispersed, end
B)dispersed, center
C)hidden, center
D)di splaced, end

Accepted Answer

Measures of variability, such as range, variance, and standard deviation, describe how spread out or scattered the data points are around the central point (mean, median, or mode) of the distribution.

Question 13

Chapter 3 presented three measures of central __________.
A)variability
B)tendency
C)square
D)devi ation

Accepted Answer

The term "central tendency" refers to statistical measures that identify a single value as representative of an entire distribution of data, capturing the center of the data set. Common measures of central tendency include the mean, median, and mode.

Question 14

An important property of the normal curve is its __________.
A)thinness
B)thickness
C)symmetry
D)sl ickness

Accepted Answer

The normal curve, also known as the Gaussian distribution, is symmetric about its mean. This means that the left half of the curve is a mirror image of the right half.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a nonparametric measure of correlation?
A)Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient
B)Goodman's and Kruskal's gamma
C)phi coefficient
D)Solomon's sigma coefficient

Accepted Answer

Solomon's sigma coefficient is not a recognized nonparametric measure of correlation, unlike Spearman's rank-order correlation, Goodman's and Kruskal's gamma, and the phi coefficient, which are established nonparametric measures.

Question 16

In practice, the sample mean and its __________ are used to construct a confidence Interval.
A)stated ersatz
B)standard error
C)standard ersatz
D)stated error

Accepted Answer

The sample mean and its standard error are used to construct a confidence interval. The standard error measures the dispersion of sample means around the population mean.

Question 17

The three types of data described in Chapter 1 are:
A)nominal, ordinal, integral/routine
B)numerical, ordinal, interval/ratio
C)nominal, original, interval/ratio
D)nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio

Accepted Answer

The three types of data described are nominal, ordinal, and interval/ratio. Nominal data categorizes without a natural order, ordinal data categorizes with a natural order, and interval/ratio data includes numbers where the intervals between values are meaningful.

Question 18

Described in Chapter 11, regression allows us to quantify the impact of one variable on Another by calculating the __________ of the regression line.
A)standard deviation
B)slope
C)skewness
D)sym metry

Accepted Answer

The slope of the regression line quantifies the impact of one variable on another in regression analysis, indicating how much the dependent variable is expected to change with a one-unit change in the independent variable.

Question 19

The t ratio offers a method for determining whether a difference in means between __________ drawn samples is large enough to reject the null hypothesis.
A)dependently
B)independently
C)non-randomly
D)qui ckly

Accepted Answer

The t ratio (or t-test) is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independently drawn samples, allowing researchers to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 20

One of the most important statistical facts is that the __________ , if based on a reasonably Large number of cases, is normally distributed.
A)sample mean
B)simple mean
C)simple truth
D )sample truth

Accepted Answer

The sample mean, when derived from a sufficiently large number of cases, tends to follow a normal distribution according to the Central Limit Theorem. This principle is foundational in statistics for making inferences about population parameters.

Quiz 13: Choosing Statistical Procedures for Research Problems

The chi-square test assesses whether the __________ observed in a cross-tabulation Diverge from those one would expect under the null hypothesis of no difference between Groups.

Correlation measures the degree to which 2 variables are related to __________.

Chapter 5 focused on the normal distribution, in which most cases fall near the _ and a Few fall _.

Introduced in Chapter 10, Pearson's r measures the linear _ between two -Level variables.

Compared with parametric tests, nonparametric techniques are powerful, able to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.

Chapter 7 introduced the logic of __________ in the context of making comparisons Between two groups.

Chapter 2 presented methods for __________ variables as a first step in summarizing and Describing their distributions.

The modal value represents the __________value.

Chapter 8 extended the comparison of means to three or more groups through the__________.

The median value represents the __________value.

Chapter 12, on nonparametric measures, extended the correlational approach to variables That are measured at than the level.

Measures of variability are used to characterize how the data are around the of the distribution.

Chapter 3 presented three measures of central __________.

An important property of the normal curve is its __________.

Which of the following is NOT a nonparametric measure of correlation?

In practice, the sample mean and its __________ are used to construct a confidence Interval.

The three types of data described in Chapter 1 are:

Described in Chapter 11, regression allows us to quantify the impact of one variable on Another by calculating the __________ of the regression line.

The t ratio offers a method for determining whether a difference in means between __________ drawn samples is large enough to reject the null hypothesis.

One of the most important statistical facts is that the __________ , if based on a reasonably Large number of cases, is normally distributed.