Question 1

A child who does not form a loving bond early in life tends to suffer impairment in their social development.This statement emphasizes the importance of the

Accepted Answer

The sensitive period refers to a period in development where a certain ability or skill is most easily learned, and research has shown that the development of an attachment bond between caregiver and child is most crucial during the first few years of life. If a child does not form a loving bond early in life, they may have difficulty developing healthy social relationships later on, highlighting the importance of this sensitive period. The other options (temperament state, zone of proximal development, genetic principles of development) do not directly relate to the importance of early attachment in social development.

Question 2

Sensitive periods refer to the

Accepted Answer

Sensitive periods are times when individuals are most susceptible to certain environmental influences. During sensitive periods, the brain is particularly receptive to certain types of stimuli, which can have a significant impact on long-term development. These periods are important for the acquisition of specific skills and abilities, such as language, social interaction, and motor skills.

Question 3

Until minimum levels of physical structure are mature, no amount of practice will be sufficient to develop certain skills.This statement reflects

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the concept of readiness, which suggests that individuals must have a certain level of physical, cognitive, or emotional development before they can acquire specific skills or knowledge. In other words, practicing certain skills before the minimum levels of physical structure are mature will not be effective. Assimilation refers to the process of taking in information and incorporating it into existing knowledge structures, resiliency refers to the ability to recognize and adapt to adversity, and habituation refers to the process of becoming accustomed to a stimulus over time. These concepts are not directly related to the statement provided.

Question 4

Sarah is seven months old.Her parents spend three hours a day for five weeks straight holding Sarah up next to furniture in hopes that she will grab onto the furniture and stand by herself.Sarah hates this treatment and screams and cries, but her parents are unyielding.Finally, at the end of the fifth week, Sarah stands up by herself while holding onto the furniture.Her parents smile triumphantly.What have they accomplished here?

Accepted Answer

Sarah was developmentally ready to stand up by herself at about eight months of age, so her parents put her through five weeks of unnecessary training. They ignored her vocal protests and did not respect her individual rate of growth.

Question 5

A time during which certain events must take place for normal development to occur is called a

Accepted Answer

A sensitive period is a specific time period during development in which certain environmental experiences are necessary for normal development to occur. If these experiences are missed, the individual may not reach their full potential in that area. This concept is different from a maturational milestone, which refers to a biological process that occurs independently of experience, a biological stage, which refers to a general phase or period of development, and a period of motor primacy, which refers to a specific time period during which certain motor skills are easiest to learn.

Question 6

Regarding toilet training, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Current guidelines do not suggest starting toilet training between 10 and 16 months of age. In fact, many experts recommend waiting until the child shows signs of readiness, such as staying dry for longer periods, showing interest in the toilet, and being able to communicate their needs. Starting too early or too late can cause frustration and setbacks in the training process.

Question 7

Jeffery is 16 months old, and his mother has spent almost every waking moment of the last three weeks trying to toilet-train Jeffery.However, Jeffery has shown no improvement.Jeffery's mother should be told that toilet training as well as other milestones in development are governed by the

Accepted Answer

Toilet training readiness is an important factor in successful training. It is possible that Jeffery is not yet developmentally ready to be toilet trained. It is recommended to wait until the child is showing signs of readiness before attempting toilet training.

Question 8

Poverty is to deprivation as early childhood stimulation is to

Accepted Answer

Just as poverty is the lack or deprivation of basic needs and resources, early childhood stimulation is the provision of enriching experiences and opportunities that promote cognitive, emotional, and social development. Enrichment can include activities such as reading, playing, exploring, and interacting with caregivers and peers. Therefore, choice B, enrichment, is the best fit. The other options are not directly related to early childhood stimulation or development.

Question 9

Regarding the effects of deprivation and enrichment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Few adults who grew up in poverty have remained trapped in continued poverty" is false. In reality, many individuals who grew up in poverty struggle to break the cycle of poverty and continue to struggle financially as adults. This is due to a variety of factors including limited access to education and job opportunities, as well as the intergenerational transmission of poverty.

Question 10

Regarding the effects of poverty, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research has shown that poverty-related stress can lead to marital difficulties and less positive parenting, which can then affect child development.

Question 11

When nine-year-old Jenny was found by social workers in the attic of her family's home, she looked more like a five-year-old physically, was mute, intellectually disabled, and emotionally damaged.Jenny most likely experienced

Accepted Answer

Jenny's physical and psychological limitations suggest that she experienced a restricted environment, likely due to neglect and lack of stimulation. This deprivation likely led to her developmental delays and emotional damage. Options A, C, and D do not align with the observed symptoms and are not supported by the given information.

Question 12

A lack of normal stimulation, nutrition, comfort, or love is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Deprivation refers to the lack or shortage of something essential, such as normal stimulation, nutrition, comfort, or love. Abuse refers to mistreatment, violence, or harm inflicted on someone. Scaffolding is a teaching technique that involves providing support and guidance to a learner. Rejection refers to the act of dismissing or refusing something or someone.

Question 13

If a woman has German measles during early pregnancy, her child may be born with heart defects, cataracts, or hearing loss.If she has German measles later in her pregnancy, the child would escape without damage.This illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Sensitive periods are specific points in development when an organism is particularly susceptible to environmental influences. In this case, the timing of the German measles infection during pregnancy had a significant impact on the child's development, highlighting the importance of sensitive periods. The other options - biological stages of development, maturational milestones, and biopsychosocial crises - are not as directly applicable to this example.

Question 14

Poverty has been shown to affect

Accepted Answer

Poverty has been linked to negative effects on children's health, socioemotional development, and cognitive development. Children growing up in poverty are more likely to experience chronic illness, mental health problems, and developmental delays. They may also have limited access to educational resources, which can impact their academic and socioemotional outcomes. Therefore, all of these options are correct.

Question 15

Due to financial difficulties, Damon's parents have difficulty paying rent and utilities, buying nutritious food, and taking their children to the doctor or dentist when needed.These parents often verbally argue with each other over their financial problems, which also affects their relationship with their children.Although Damon and his siblings would love to have a computer, they know this will never be possible.According to research, a home situation, such as the one described, has been shown

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children living in poverty are more likely to experience health problems and illnesses due to inadequate nutrition, housing, and healthcare. The stress and strain of living in poverty can also contribute to long-term health problems.

Question 16

Problems that occur during sensitive periods in development

Accepted Answer

Problems that occur during sensitive periods in development can permanently alter the course of development. This is because sensitive periods are times when certain experiences or interventions have a greater impact on the developing brain than at any other time in development. If a child misses out on certain experiences or interventions during a sensitive period, they may never fully recover the developmental potential that they would have had if they had not missed out.

Question 17

Deliberately making an environment more stimulating, nutritional, comforting, and loving is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Enrichment refers to deliberately making an environment more stimulating, nutritional, comforting, and loving. This can be done to improve the overall well-being and development of an individual, such as a child or a pet. Overindulgence and permissive love are not necessarily beneficial and may lead to negative outcomes such as entitlement and lack of boundaries. Psychological intervention refers to a variety of methods used by mental health professionals to help individuals address psychological issues and improve their mental health.

Question 18

Current guidelines suggest that toilet training goes most smoothly when begun between __________ months of age.

Accepted Answer

Current guidelines suggest that toilet training should begin between 18 and 24 months of age. Starting before 18 months of age can be too early as the child may not be ready or able to control their bladder and bowel movements, while starting after 24 months of age can be too late and lead to difficulties in training.

Question 19

Baby Michael has normal hearing, but both of his parents are deaf and use sign language to communicate.During Michael's first year of life, they enroll him in day care in order for Michael to hear normal speech

Accepted Answer

The first year is a sensitive period for language development, during which a child's brain can easily learn and process language. By enrolling Michael in day care where he can hear normal speech, he can begin to develop his language skills and improve his ability to communicate with others.

Question 20

Regarding the effects of early experiences, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other, not to a particular time period in a child's development.

Quiz 3: Human Development