Question 1

Carl is the CEO of a company, who takes into account his employees' needs by using flextime within the company, so they can attend their children's school activities.He also generously provides his employees with professional development opportunities, which not only improve their skills but enrich the company as well.In these ways, Carl is exhibiting which transformational leadership quality?

Accepted Answer

Carl's actions demonstrate individualized consideration, as he is taking into account the unique needs and circumstances of his employees and providing them with personalized opportunities and flexibility.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT typical of Theory Y or transformational leadership?

Accepted Answer

Scientific management is not typically associated with Theory Y or transformational leadership, as it involves a more hierarchical and authoritarian approach to management. Theory Y and transformational leadership emphasize employee empowerment, collaboration, and participatory decision making. Management by objectives, participative management, and quality circles are all commonly associated with these approaches.

Question 3

Which of the following is most associated with Theory Y and transformational leadership styles?

Accepted Answer

Theory Y and transformational leadership styles emphasize employee empowerment, participation, and collaboration. Participative management encourages active involvement and input from employees in decision-making processes, which aligns with a Theory Y leadership approach. Management by authority figure, scientific management, and work efficiency are more closely associated with Theory X and transactional leadership styles.

Question 4

Regarding management by objectives, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement that management by objectives is an important part of the leadership style known as scientific management is false. Management by objectives is a separate management approach that focuses on setting goals and objectives for individuals or teams and has its own set of principles and practices. Scientific management, on the other hand, is a management approach that emphasizes the use of scientific methods to improve work processes and efficiency.

Question 5

Carlos works for a company in which he is given a goal of making a certain number of items, while reducing waste by a specific percentage.However, Carlos is allowed the freedom to choose how he will achieve these goals.Carlos' company is utilizing

Accepted Answer

The scenario presented describes management by objectives (MBO) which is a system that allows employees to set their own goals and determine the best way to achieve them, while aligning their goals with the organization's overall objectives. This system empowers employees to take ownership of their work and encourages autonomy, which is not present in scientific management, job specialization and task analysis, or Theory X leadership.

Question 6

Recently George switched jobs to the new automaker in town.At the old plant, he was constantly watched by an egotistical boss who expected him to work "like a machine." In contrast, his new job expects him to be a part of a team and be involved at all levels of decision-making.Regarding George's old and new jobs, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The statement that is true is that George has switched to a company that emphasizes participative management. This is evidenced by the fact that his new job expects him to be a part of a team and be involved at all levels of decision-making. The other statements (A and C) are not true based on the given information. There is no indication that George's old company emphasized Theory Y management and there is no reason to assume that his productivity and job satisfaction will decline at his new job.

Question 7

Janie works for a company in which she is part of a group that has been shown to increase cooperation and teamwork within organizations and which better uses the talents and strengths of individual employees.Janie is part of a

Accepted Answer

Janie is part of a self-managed team as these teams focus on collaboration and utilizing the strengths of each individual team member to achieve goals. Self-managed teams are known to increase cooperation and teamwork within organizations. Choice A, Theory X management group, refers to a management style that assumes employees are lazy and need to be closely monitored and controlled. Choice B, scientific management group, refers to a system of management that focuses on maximizing efficiency and productivity through standardization and specialization of tasks. Choice C, knowledge-based team, refers to teams that are formed to solve complex problems or develop new products by pooling the knowledge and skills of individuals from different areas of expertise.

Question 8

Which of the following are allowed to choose their own methods of achieving results within a company, as long as these methods are effective?

Accepted Answer

Self-managed teams are allowed to choose their own methods of achieving results within a company, as long as these methods are effective. Theory X management groups, scientific management groups, and quality circles are typically more structured in terms of methods and processes.

Question 9

Shared leadership, also called participative management, has been shown to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Shared leadership has been shown to increase productivity, create greater job involvement, and increase job satisfaction. However, it is not likely to increase job-related stress as it involves empowering employees and involving them in decision-making processes, which can lead to greater job satisfaction and reduce feelings of stress related to lack of control or input.

Question 10

Which of the following has been shown to increase productivity, involvement at work, and job satisfaction, and to reduce job-related stresses?

Accepted Answer

Participative management, which involves including employees in decision-making and problem-solving processes, has been shown to increase productivity, involvement at work, and job satisfaction, as well as reduce job-related stresses. Task-analyzed management, scientific management, and job specialization have not been consistently shown to have these effects.

Question 11

One of the anticipated consequences of the use of shared leadership is

Accepted Answer

Shared leadership involves empowerment and collaboration among team members, which fosters mutual respect, trust, and a sense of shared ownership in the team's success. This promotes a cooperative mindset among workers, encouraging them to view work as a shared effort rather than an individual one. Option A is not directly related to the use of shared leadership, while option B implies a rather reactive attitude of workers. Option C is more relevant to a traditional hierarchical model of leadership, where workers may focus on perfecting a narrow skill set rather than contributing to broader goals.

Question 12

Miguel works for a company in which he and the employees at all levels take part in decisions that affect the entire company.Miguel and his fellow employees are more involved with their work and have less job stress and greater job satisfaction.They have come to view work as a cooperative effort and not as something imposed on them by an egotistical leader.This leadership approach at Miguel's company is called

Accepted Answer

This leadership approach is known as shared leadership, where employees at all levels are involved in decision making and view work as a cooperative effort. This approach often leads to increased job satisfaction, less job stress, and greater employee involvement with their work.

Question 13

An automobile manufacturer who relies on management by objectives allows employees to choose

Accepted Answer

The answer of An automobile manufacturer who relies on management...

Question 14

Max is in a work group at his company that has a high degree of freedom with respect to how the group members achieve their target goals.Max works in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A self-managed team is a group of employees who are given a high degree of autonomy and responsibility for achieving their goals without direct supervision from a manager. They work together to make decisions and manage their own work processes. Therefore, a self-managed team is the best choice for describing Max's situation.

Question 15

Which of the following has resulted in better cooperation and teamwork within organizations and better uses of the talents and strengths of individual employees?

Accepted Answer

Self-managed teams have been shown to result in better cooperation and teamwork within organizations as individuals are given more autonomy and responsibility for their tasks. This also allows for better use of the talents and strengths of individual employees as they are given the opportunity to contribute ideas and take ownership of their work. Theory X and scientific management groups rely on a top-down management approach and do not empower employees to take ownership of their work, while agentic leadership teams focus on individual goals rather than teamwork and cooperation.

Question 16

A group of employees who work together toward shared goals is called a

Accepted Answer

A self-managed team is a group of employees who work together toward shared goals while taking on some of the responsibilities typically held for managers, such as scheduling and task assignments. The other options are not accurate descriptions of this type of group. Theory X management is a style of management that assumes employees dislike work and need to be closely supervised, while scientific management focuses on improving efficiency through standardized processes. Quality circles are groups of employees who focus on identifying and solving workplace problems.

Question 17

If you are given specific goals to meet and are allowed free choice of how you will meet the goals, you are working under which approach?

Accepted Answer

Management by objectives (MBO) is an approach in which specific goals are set for an individual or a team, and they are allowed to use their own creativity and skills to achieve those goals. MBO gives more autonomy to the employees and allows them to take ownership of their work, which can increase motivation and job satisfaction. Other approaches like scientific management, management by skills, and Theory X leadership may have more prescriptive methods and less flexibility for employees to make decisions.

Question 18

The leadership approach in which employees at all levels are directly involved in decision making is called

Accepted Answer

Participative management involves employees at all levels in decision making. Theory X leadership assumes that employees are lazy and need to be closely supervised, while scientific management emphasizes efficiency and standardized processes. Leaderless group enrichment involves teams functioning without a designated leader.

Question 19

Regarding management by objectives, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Management by objectives allows workers to have some freedom in choosing how they will reach their goals, within certain limits set by the company or management team. This approach can increase motivation and job satisfaction, as workers are given some autonomy and have ownership over their work. However, the specific goals themselves are typically set by executive management, not the workers themselves. Additionally, regular feedback and monitoring of progress toward goals is a key component of management by objectives, which can help workers stay on track and improve their performance.

Question 20

Two techniques that make Theory Y and transformational leadership styles effective are

Accepted Answer

Shared leadership and management by objectives both involve empowering employees and giving them a voice in decision making, which aligns with the principles of Theory Y and transformational leadership styles. Shared leadership involves distributing leadership responsibilities among team members, while management by objectives involves collaboratively setting goals and measuring progress towards those goals. Both techniques foster a sense of ownership and commitment among employees, which leads to increased motivation and productivity. Time-and-motion studies, task analysis, scientific management, job specialization, and variable pay schedules focus more on operational efficiency and standardization, and do not align as well with Theory Y and transformational leadership styles.

Quiz 18: Applied Psychology.