Question 1

Heyworth Industries formally closed one of its factories in May. The workers were informed of this only one month earlier, in April. Which of the following factors most probably caused a high ethical intensity?

Accepted Answer

Temporal immediacy refers to the time between the decision and the impact. In this case, the short notice given to the workers created a sense of urgency and immediacy, resulting in a high ethical intensity.

Question 2

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations impose smaller fines on companies that _____.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations provide incentives for companies that voluntarily disclose illegal activities to federal authorities, such as smaller fines. This encourages companies to self-report and cooperate with authorities in investigating and resolving ethical violations.

Question 3

When addressing issues of _____, managers are more aware of the impact their decisions have on others, are more likely to view the decision as a moral decision, and are more likely to worry about doing the right thing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When addressing issues of _____, managers are...

Question 4

If a catalog retailer promised customers it would not sell their personal information (addresses, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, etc.) to another direct marketing company but does so, then the catalog's sentence would be determined by _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a catalog retailer promised customers it...

Question 5

Which of the following statements best explains the "carrot-and-stick" approach of the U.S Sentencing Commission Guidelines?

Accepted Answer

The "carrot-and-stick" approach of the U.S Sentencing Commission Guidelines involves imposing lower fines on companies that take proactive steps to prevent unethical behavior, while imposing higher fines on organizations that fail to take such preventive measures. This approach incentivizes companies to prioritize ethical behavior and take responsibility for the actions of their employees.

Question 6

Which of the following terms describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?

Accepted Answer

Ethical intensity refers to the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue. The other options are different factors that affect ethical intensity - social consensus refers to the degree of agreement among society about the issue, temporal immediacy refers to how soon the consequences will occur, magnitude of consequences refers to the significance of the outcome, and ethical valence refers to whether the issue is perceived as right or wrong.

Question 7

Doug has a low-paying job at a telecommunications company. Every day, Doug puts a headset, a stapler, or something similar in his lunch box and takes it home with him. Doug sees nothing wrong with his behavior since he feels he is being paid less than he should. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, which level is Doug operating at?

Accepted Answer

Doug is operating at the preconventional level of moral development. This level is characterized by a focus on avoiding punishment and obtaining rewards. Doug sees his behavior as justified because he feels he is not being fairly compensated, which is based on a self-interest perspective rather than a concern for ethical principles or societal norms.

Question 8

Delayed product delivery is less of an issue when compared to delivering a faulty product which can be harmful. This is because delivering a harmful product has a ______.

Accepted Answer

Delivering a faulty product that can harm consumers can have a high magnitude of consequences, such as legal action, loss of reputation, and potential harm or injury to the consumer. Delayed product delivery may cause inconvenience or frustration, but it is not likely to have the same level of consequences as delivering a harmful product.

Question 9

The _____ determined that companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines determine that companies can be held responsible and punished for the illegal and unethical actions of employees, even if management was not aware of the actions.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ethics is true?

Accepted Answer

The statement that when people believe their work environment is ethical, they are six times more likely to stay with that company is true. This has been supported by research and emphasizes the importance of ethical behavior in organizations. The other statements in the options are false or misleading.

Question 11

According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations, which of the following steps should be followed right after the standards and procedures for the compliance program have been established?

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines, after the standards and procedures have been established, upper-level managers should be assigned to be in charge of the compliance program. This shows the importance of having strong leadership and accountability in ensuring that the compliance program is effective. The other options listed are not recommended or may potentially weaken the compliance program.

Question 12

People at the _____ of moral development use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas.

Accepted Answer

The postconventional level of moral development is characterized by using internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas, as opposed to relying on external rules or societal expectations (conventional level) or avoiding punishment or seeking reward (preconventional level).

Question 13

According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the _____ make decisions that conform to societal expectations.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's conventional level represents individuals who conform to societal expectations and laws. They are focused on maintaining social order and obeying authority figures. This level typically emerges during adolescence and is a necessary stage for individuals to function within their community.

Question 14

According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations, which of the following is a method used to determine the level of an offense?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations use the amount of loss incurred by victims as a key factor in determining the level of offense committed by an organization. Other factors considered include the size of the organization, the involvement of high-level personnel in the offense, and the effectiveness of the company's compliance program. The personal codes of ethics of top managers, competitive advantage created by the offense, and industry standards may be considered as mitigating or aggravating factors, but they are not used to determine the level of offense. The organization's code of ethics is considered as part of the effectiveness of the company's compliance program.

Question 15

_____ is the social, psychological, cultural, or physical distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions.

Accepted Answer

Proximity of effect refers to the distance between a decision maker and those affected by his or her decisions. This can have an impact on ethical considerations and decision making as decision makers may be more likely to consider the impact of their decisions on those who are closer to them, while overlooking the effects on those who are farther away.

Question 16

Which of these factors is taken into account while determining ethical intensity?

Accepted Answer

Temporal immediacy is a factor in ethical intensity, which refers to the time between an action and its consequences.

Question 17

The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg identified three stages of moral development, which are the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the postconventional level. The preconventional level is characterized by a focus on self-interest and obedience to authority. The conventional level is characterized by a concern for social norms and the opinions of others. The postconventional level is characterized by a focus on universal principles of justice and individual rights.

Question 18

According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the _____ make decisions that are based on selfish reasons.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's model of moral development describes the preconventional level as the stage in which individuals make decisions based on selfish reasons and avoiding punishment. This is the first stage in the model, and it is typically seen in young children. Individuals at this level respond to rules based on whether they will be rewarded or punished for their behavior.

Question 19

Red Spark Enterprises, a multinational electronics manufacturer, recently grabbed the attention of millions worldwide after it was involved in a major money-laundering scam. This scam had adversely affected the careers of more than two hundred employees of Red Spark without them being involved in the scam. In other words, the plan had a:

Accepted Answer

The situation described in the statement has a high magnitude of consequences, as it had a significant impact on the careers of over two hundred Red Spark employees.

Question 20

Ethical intensity depends on all of the following EXCEPT ____.

Accepted Answer

Ethical intensity depends on temporal immediacy, probability of effect, proximity of effect, and concentration of effect. However, it does not depend on individual commitment.

Quiz 4: Ethics and Social Responsibility