Question 1

The ______ school of realism contends that states always seek dominant power.

Accepted Answer

The offensive school of realism argues that states always seek dominant power and are willing to use military force to achieve it.

Question 2

In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with which country?

Accepted Answer

The Anti-Comintern Pact was an anti-communist agreement between Germany and Japan, signed on November 25, 1936.

Question 3

What is cultural nationalism?

Accepted Answer

Cultural nationalism is a form of nationalism that emphasizes the importance of a shared culture, language, and heritage among members of a nation. It often involves the glorification of one's own national culture, traditions, and customs over those of others, and can sometimes lead to exclusion or discrimination against minorities who do not fit within that cultural framework.

Question 4

The ______ perspectives would most likely argue that World War II was caused by a united and powerful Germany, which disrupted the balance of power.

Accepted Answer

Realist perspectives focus on power and the balance of power in international relations. They would argue that Germany's rise to power upset the balance of power in Europe and led to conflict. Liberals would focus on factors such as democratic institutions and economic interdependence as potential causes of peace, while identity perspectives would look at the role of cultural and national identities in shaping foreign policy. Critical theory would examine how power and ideology intersect to shape international relations.

Question 5

U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt placed an oil embargo on Japan to prevent it from attacking which of the following states?

Accepted Answer

The answer of U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt placed an...

Question 6

Which of the following acts immediately caused World War II?

Accepted Answer

Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, marked the immediate cause of the start of World War II. This aggression prompted Britain and France to declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939. While Germany's withdrawal from the League of Nations, annexation of the Sudetenland, and nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union contributed to the tensions leading up to the war, it was the invasion of Poland that directly triggered the start of the conflict.

Question 7

______ escaped invasion by German land forces between 1939 and 1941.

Accepted Answer

Great Britain escaped invasion by German land forces between 1939 and 1941, primarily due to its geographical advantage as an island nation, which made a land invasion by Germany significantly more difficult. The German plan for an invasion, Operation Sea Lion, was never executed.

Question 8

By pursuing an aggressive, expansionist foreign policy, Germany demonstrated that it had what sort of goals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of By pursuing an aggressive, expansionist foreign policy,...

Question 9

Which describes one of the reasons the League of Nations failed?

Accepted Answer

The principle of unanimity undermined the League's ability to take action against aggressive states because any member state could veto a resolution. This meant that an aggressor state could easily block any attempt at collective action, thereby rendering the League impotent. The failure of the League to provide credible economic commitments and the non-participation of the Soviet Union were contributing factors, but the veto power was the most significant reason for the League's failure. The last option is incorrect as the League of Nations was created after World War I and not after the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 10

Which of the following events does the identity perspective identify as a critical event in the timeline prior to World War II?

Accepted Answer

The identity perspective identifies the rise of exceptionalism in the United States, fascism in Italy, and communism in the Soviet Union as critical events because they represent the emergence of powerful ideologies that were central to the causes of World War II. The failure of the League of Nations and the various acts of aggression by European powers and Japan are also important, but they are seen as consequences of the deeper social and political forces that fueled the ideologies of the major powers.

Question 11

The ______ perspective is most likely to argue that World War II resulted from the United States' imperialistic policies, which pressed for economic access to China, Europe, and colonial territories.

Accepted Answer

The critical theory perspective focuses on the social, economic, and political power structures that shape international relations. This perspective often highlights the role of imperialism and colonialism in global conflicts, and therefore is most likely to argue that World War II resulted from the United States' imperialistic policies.

Question 12

The ______ factor is typically stressed by the liberal or identity perspectives but is sometimes added to realist arguments to explain outcomes?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive factor is emphasized by liberal or identity perspectives due to its focus on the perceptions, beliefs, and ideas of individuals and groups, which can significantly influence international relations and outcomes. Realists, who traditionally focus on material capabilities and interests, may also incorporate cognitive aspects to explain why states make certain decisions, acknowledging that leaders' perceptions and misperceptions can affect state behavior.

Question 13

According to the identity perspective, which of the following contributed to the outbreak of World War II?

Accepted Answer

The identity perspective argues that World War II resulted from the spread of fascist, socialist, and racist ideologies and the retreat of democracy. These ideologies heightened identity-based conflicts and competition, leading to the outbreak of war. Options A, B, and D do not directly address this perspective.

Question 14

According to the identity perspective, what factors at the domestic level of analysis caused World War I?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the identity perspective, what factors...

Question 15

Which of Germany's borders were guaranteed by The Locarno Pact?

Accepted Answer

Please change to correct answer, B.

Question 16

Arguing that the United States enjoyed strategic immunity because it is separated from other great powers by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is to argue for the importance of which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

Geopolitics refers to the impact of geographic factors on international relations. The fact that the United States is separated from other great powers by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans has long been seen as a strategic advantage, as it makes it more difficult for other countries to launch attacks on American soil. This is a key factor in America's strategic immunity, and is related to geopolitics. Offensive realism, liberal democracy, and strategic culture may also be important factors in American foreign policy, but they are not directly related to the physical geography of the country.

Question 17

German leaders justified expansion and conquest as a quest for lebensraum, a term which refers to what goal?

Accepted Answer

"Lebensraum" translates to "living space" and was used by German leaders to justify the acquisition of more land as a living space for the German racial community, particularly in Eastern Europe. This ideology was a key factor in Nazi Germany's aggressive expansionism and conquest leading up to World War II.

Question 18

According to the liberal perspective, which of the following events at the domestic level of analysis contributed to the outbreak of World War II?

Accepted Answer

The liberal perspective emphasizes the role of domestic politics and institutions. The U.S. rejection of the League of Nations, due to divided domestic interests, weakened international cooperation and contributed to the conditions leading to World War II.

Question 19

The new Europe founded after World War I was based on which of the following principles?

Accepted Answer

The principle of self-determination was a key factor in the reorganization of Europe after World War I, allowing for the formation of new nations based on ethnic and linguistic boundaries. Mutual armament, alliances, and power balancing were not the primary principles behind the creation of the new Europe.

Question 20

Which of the following states was designated as permanent members of the Council of the League of Nations?

Accepted Answer

Japan was one of the four states (along with France, the United Kingdom, and Italy) designated as permanent members of the Council of the League of Nations. Neither Venezuela, Canada, nor Ethiopia were among the permanent members.

Quiz 4: World War II: Why Did War Happen Again