Question 1

Ming sees her baby sister playing with her old, forgotten teddy bear. Now Ming wants to have the teddy bear back to hold herself. This best exemplifies what possible outcome of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Emma notices that Mike is using a different fork when eating salad. This best exemplifies what possible outcome of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

Emma observing Mike using a different fork for salad fine-tunes her understanding of appropriate dining etiquette, which is an already-learned behavior.

Question 3

A teacher who deals effectively with a rule breaker may inhibit others from breaking the rule as a result of

Accepted Answer

The ripple effect suggests that the consequences of a behavior can extend beyond the individual who engaged in that behavior, influencing the behavior of others. In this case, if a teacher deals effectively with a rule breaker, the consequences of that interaction may serve as a deterrent for others who are considering breaking the same rule.

Question 4

According to Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, the most important and influential source of self-efficacy information comes from

Accepted Answer

According to Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, the most important and influential source of self-efficacy information comes from mastery experiences, which are experiences of performing a task successfully or overcoming a challenge. These experiences provide individuals with the belief that they are capable of achieving similar success in the future. While modelling, social persuasion, and volition can also contribute to self-efficacy beliefs, mastery experiences are considered the most powerful source.

Question 5

What element of observational learning is illustrated when a student stops running in the hallway at school after seeing two other students receive detentions for running?

Accepted Answer

The element of observational learning that is illustrated in this scenario is vicarious reinforcement. The student observed the consequences received by the other two students for running in the hallway and learned from their punishment, which serves as vicarious reinforcement.

Question 6

Ms. Jackson's perception of her capabilities to effectively deal with a particular task is her sense of

Accepted Answer

Ms. Jackson's perception of her capabilities to effectively deal with a particular task is referred to as self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's ability to perform a specific task or achieve specific goals.

Question 7

Which one of the following quotes is an example of high self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Option A shows high self-efficacy because the person believes that their past successes in math will translate to success in this particular class. They have confidence in their ability to perform well based on their own skills and experience.

Question 8

According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, peers

Accepted Answer

According to Bandura's social cognitive theory, peers can serve as important models and facilitate student learning. They can provide social and academic support and help students develop self-efficacy beliefs. While peers may sometimes have negative influences, such as peer pressure to engage in risky behaviors or the spread of inaccurate information, they can overall have a positive impact on motivation and learning.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of personal factor within the triarchic reciprocal causality model?

Accepted Answer

Personal factors in the triarchic reciprocal causality model include cognitive, affective, and biological factors such as attributions, expectations, and knowledge. Actions are considered a behavioral factor and are not part of the personal factors category.

Question 10

Which one of the following theories places the greatest emphasis on presenting models so that students can learn from observing others complete a task?

Accepted Answer

Social cognitive theory places the greatest emphasis on presenting models so that students can learn from observing others complete a task. This theory highlights the importance of observation and modeling in the learning process.

Question 11

George's sense of efficacy is really low for public speaking, yet he is very confident in his ability to perform mental mathematical calculations quickly. This example demonstrates that self-efficacy is

Accepted Answer

George's sense of efficacy differs depending on the context or situation. He lacks confidence in public speaking but is confident in mental mathematical calculations. This shows that self-efficacy is context-specific rather than a fixed trait that applies to all situations.

Question 12

The triarchic reciprocal causality emphasizes the dynamic interplay of:

Accepted Answer

The triarchic reciprocal causality model emphasizes the dynamic interplay between personal factors (e.g. cognition, emotion), environmental factors (e.g. physical, social), and behavioral factors (e.g. actions, habits) in determining human behavior. Choice B, C, and D are not accurate in their interpretation of this model's emphasis.

Question 13

Bandura suggested that the main limitation of behavioural views of learning is that these views are

Accepted Answer

Bandura believed that behavioural views of learning were too limited because they focused solely on observable behaviours and did not take into account the role of mental processes, such as attention, memory, and motivation.

Question 14

Social learning theory emphasizes learning through

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory emphasizes that individuals learn by observing others and their behaviors. This can be through direct observation or through media such as television, movies, or social media. Interactions with experts or teachers in a formal school setting may be a component of social learning theory, but the emphasis is on the observation of others as the main mechanism of learning. Progress through stages of development is more closely associated with cognitive development theory.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning the relation between self-efficacy and self-esteem is TRUE:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements concerning the...

Question 16

Mrs. Carson wants her students to learn how to summarize as they read. She models the behaviours for the students and talks about each step she uses to summarize part of a story. For Mrs. Carson's students to begin to learn by observing her modelling, what elements of observational learning do they need to exhibit?

Accepted Answer

The students need to pay attention to Mrs. Carson's modelling and remember the steps she uses to summarize. This involves the elements of attention and retention in observational learning. While the other options may also have some relevance, they are not the primary focus of observational learning in this scenario.

Question 17

Tala observes Don fall down when climbing in the new playground. After that she becomes afraid to play on the new playground. This best exemplifies what possible outcome of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tala observes Don fall down when climbing...

Question 18

According to Bandura, expectations are part of which one of the elements that comprise reciprocal causality?

Accepted Answer

According to Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism, there are three factors that interact to determine behavior: personal factors (such as beliefs and expectations), environmental factors (such as rewards and punishments), and behavioral factors (such as skills and habits). Therefore, expectations are part of the personal factors that comprise reciprocal causality.

Question 19

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with social cognitive theory?

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura is most closely associated with social cognitive theory, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, and the role of cognitive processes in shaping behavior. Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky for his sociocultural theory, and Skinner for his behaviorism.

Question 20

The capacity to exercise influence over life events through coordination of learning skills, motivation and emotions is known as

Accepted Answer

The capacity to exercise influence over life events through coordination of learning skills, motivation, and emotions is known as human agency. Self-efficacy is a belief in one's ability to succeed, self-esteem is a person's overall self-worth, and social learning is a process of learning through observing others. Only human agency specifically refers to the coordination of skills, motivation, and emotions to influence life events.

Quiz 11: Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation