Question 1

Longitudinal studies on trans women have found that after 4 months of hormone treatment, ______.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies on trans women have found that after 4 months of hormone treatment, brain volume decreased and was more in the female range. This is attributed to the feminization of the brain as a result of the hormone treatment.

Question 2

Estrogen is the source of sexual desire in women.

Accepted Answer

While estrogen does play a role in sexual function and desire in women, it is not the sole source. A variety of factors, including psychological, social, and physical factors, can affect sexual desire in women.

Question 3

Research on the corpus callosum in humans indicates that ______.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that men have a slightly larger corpus callosum overall, but this difference is small and not strongly indicative of gender differences in cognitive abilities.

Question 4

In general, boys' and men's bodies mount a stronger immune response to infections than girls' and women's bodies do.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While there are some differences in immune responses between genders, it is not accurate to say that boys and men always mount stronger immune responses than girls and women. The strength of the immune response can vary based on factors such as age, genetics, and the specific type of infection.

Question 5

Gender similarities are the rule when it comes to brain anatomy.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that there are more similarities than differences between the male and female brain anatomy. While there are some subtle differences, they are not significant in terms of cognitive abilities and behavior.

Question 6

Research on differences in the brains of people who are transgender is based on the assumption that ______.

Accepted Answer

The research on differences in the brains of people who are transgender is based on the assumption that there are clear differences between human male and female brains. This is because transgender individuals experience a discrepancy between their gender identity and the sex they were assigned at birth, which is typically based on anatomical and physiological differences between male and female bodies. Therefore, researchers have hypothesized that these differences may also be reflected in the brain. However, it is important to note that research in this area is still in its infancy and more studies are needed to fully understand the neurobiology of gender identity.

Question 7

fMRI research is often used to reinforce stereotypes. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Neurosexism refers to the use of neuroscience to justify gender stereotypes and assumptions. The use of fMRI research to reinforce stereotypes falls under this category.

Question 8

In regard to Joel's (2015) concept of the gender brain mosaic, regions that don't show a male-female difference are termed ______.

Accepted Answer

In Joel's (2015) concept of the gender brain mosaic, regions of the brain that do not show a consistent difference between males and females are called intermediate, meaning they are neither completely male nor completely female. While intersex is a term used to describe individuals with ambiguous sexual characteristics, and transitional and intermediary are not commonly used in this context.

Question 9

Differences between female and male brains are found in the ______.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating various functions of the body, such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature. It also plays a role in regulating hormones, including sex hormones. Studies have shown that there are differences in the size and activity level of the hypothalamus between males and females, which may contribute to differences in behavior and cognition.

Question 10

Most women have brains with all female-leaning regions and most men have brains with all male-leaning regions.

Accepted Answer

There is no such thing as an "all female-leaning" or "all male-leaning" brain region. While overall there may be some differences in brain structure and function between men and women, there is significant variation within each gender as well. Gender identity and expression are also complex and can vary beyond binary male and female categories.

Question 11

The traditional model in psychology has maintained that hormones influence behavior. However, research shows that testosterone levels rise in both men and women following an interpersonal competitive victory. This highlights ______.

Accepted Answer

The finding that testosterone levels rise in both men and women following an interpersonal competitive victory suggests that hormones can influence behavior, but also that behavior and experiences can influence hormone levels. This highlights the bidirectional influence of hormones on behaviors/experiences.

Question 12

The hypothalamus is the structure most affected by sex hormones.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is known to play a crucial role in regulating the release of sex hormones and is especially sensitive to changes in estrogen and testosterone levels. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the structure most affected by sex hormones.

Question 13

Research suggests that long-term practice of meditation results in different levels of activity in brain regions associated with qualities such as attention, anxiety, depression, fear, and anger. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Neural plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experiences, including long-term practice of meditation. Research has shown that meditation can result in changes in brain activity and neural connections, particularly in regions associated with attention, emotion regulation, and self-awareness. Lateralization refers to the specialization of certain cognitive functions in one hemisphere of the brain, while localizationism suggests that specific mental processes are localized in specific brain regions. Cortical mapping refers to the process of mapping brain activity to specific cortical regions using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG).

Question 14

In brain research, ______ refers to the extent to which a particular function is handled by one hemisphere of the brain or both.

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain or the other, or the division of labor between the hemispheres. It is commonly known as "hemispheric specialization" or "hemispheric dominance."

Question 15

There are no genetic differences between men and women except for the sex chromosomes and the genes on them.

Accepted Answer

There are no genetic differences between men and women except for the sex chromosomes and the genes on them.

Question 16

Trans women have been studied more than trans men.

Accepted Answer

Research studies on transgender individuals have predominantly focused on trans women, while studies on trans men have been limited. This imbalance in research can lead to biased assumptions and generalizations about the transgender population as a whole.

Question 17

As of right now, there is no solid evidence of a particular gene or genes that create a tendency to becoming transgender.

Accepted Answer

While there have been some studies that suggest a possible genetic link, there is no conclusive evidence yet to support the idea that a specific gene or genes cause someone to be transgender. Other factors, such as environmental influences, social experiences, and personal identification, may also play significant roles in an individual's gender identity.

Question 18

Research indicates that there are gender differences in brain lateralization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research indicates that there are gender differences...

Question 19

Research on male-female differences in brain size ______.

Accepted Answer

Research on male-female differences in brain size has failed to demonstrate a relationship, in humans, between brain size and intelligence. There is no evidence to suggest that men have several different advantages because of their larger brain size, or that women's slightly lower scores on IQ tests are due to their slightly smaller brains. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that women outperform males on IQ tests despite having smaller brains. While there may be subtle differences in brain structure and function between men and women, these differences do not appear to be related to intelligence.

Question 20

The theory that women's smaller brain size relative to men means they are not as intelligent as men is an example of the female deficit model.

Accepted Answer

The female deficit model is a perspective that explains differences in performance or ability between men and women by suggesting that women are inherently lacking or deficient compared to men. The theory that women's smaller brain size means they are not as intelligent as men is an example of this model, as it attributes a supposed intellectual inferiority of women to a biological deficit.

Quiz 10: Biology and Gender

Longitudinal studies on trans women have found that after 4 months of hormone treatment, ______.

Estrogen is the source of sexual desire in women.

Research on the corpus callosum in humans indicates that ______.

In general, boys' and men's bodies mount a stronger immune response to infections than girls' and women's bodies do.

Gender similarities are the rule when it comes to brain anatomy.

Research on differences in the brains of people who are transgender is based on the assumption that ______.

fMRI research is often used to reinforce stereotypes. This is an example of ______.

In regard to Joel's (2015) concept of the gender brain mosaic, regions that don't show a male-female difference are termed ______.

Differences between female and male brains are found in the ______.

Most women have brains with all female-leaning regions and most men have brains with all male-leaning regions.

The traditional model in psychology has maintained that hormones influence behavior. However, research shows that testosterone levels rise in both men and women following an interpersonal competitive victory. This highlights ______.

The hypothalamus is the structure most affected by sex hormones.

Research suggests that long-term practice of meditation results in different levels of activity in brain regions associated with qualities such as attention, anxiety, depression, fear, and anger. This is an example of ______.

In brain research, ______ refers to the extent to which a particular function is handled by one hemisphere of the brain or both.

There are no genetic differences between men and women except for the sex chromosomes and the genes on them.

Trans women have been studied more than trans men.

As of right now, there is no solid evidence of a particular gene or genes that create a tendency to becoming transgender.

Research indicates that there are gender differences in brain lateralization.

Research on male-female differences in brain size ______.

The theory that women's smaller brain size relative to men means they are not as intelligent as men is an example of the female deficit model.