Question 1

What laboratory procedure did Mary Ainsworth develop to examine children's attachment behaviours?

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth developed the Strange Situation, a laboratory procedure that examines children's attachment behaviours.

Question 2

According to the text, Harry Harlow placed baby monkeys in a cage with two types of artificial monkey 'mothers'. Which type of 'mother' did the baby monkeys prefer?

Accepted Answer

The text states that Harry Harlow placed baby monkeys in a cage with two types of artificial monkey 'mothers', one made of wire and one covered in soft terry cloth. The baby monkeys were found to spend more time clinging to the soft terry cloth mother, suggesting a preference for this type of mother over the wire mother, who dispensed milk. The text does not mention a mother who held sliced bananas or hummed.

Question 3

_____ is a series of introductions, separations and reunions involving the child, the mother and an unfamiliar person.

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation is a standardized procedure used to assess infant attachment to their primary caregiver. It involves a series of introductions, separations, and reunions between the child, the mother, and an unfamiliar person to observe how the child responds to the stressful situation and the strange person.

Question 4

At what point during the experimental situations did Ainsworth believe the best indicator of the quality of attachment occurred?

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth believed that the best indicator of the quality of attachment occurred during the reunion behaviour, when the mother returned to the room and the toddler's behaviour was assessed. This is because the toddler's response to the mother's return can reveal their level of attachment security, with securely attached children seeking proximity to their mother and showing a relatively quick return to play, while insecurely attached children may avoid their mother or show clingy, dependent behaviours.

Question 5

In this type of attachment, toddlers use the mother as a secure base from which to explore when the mother and toddler are together. When separated from his or her mother, the toddler cries and then is very happy when she returns.

Accepted Answer

In secure attachment, toddlers feel comfortable and secure with their mothers and use them as a base for exploration. They may get upset when their mother leaves, but they are quickly soothed and happy when she returns. Therefore, A is the best choice for the given description.

Question 6

A gosling bonding to the first moving object it sees is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

The behavior described is specifically imprinting, which is a type of learning where an animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees after hatching or being born.

Question 7

Who is the person who is sought out when a child experiences some kind of distress or threat in the environment?

Accepted Answer

The primary attachment figure, typically the parent or caregiver, is the person who is sought out when a child experiences distress or threat in the environment. This is due to the child's attachment and reliance on this figure for comfort and support.

Question 8

Mary Ainsworth is best known for her research on attachment and her use of ____.

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth is known for her development of the Strange Situation, a laboratory procedure for assessing infant attachment to their caregiver.

Question 9

In Harry Harlow's (1958) classic study on attachment, which of the following 'mothers' did the baby monkeys prefer?

Accepted Answer

In Harry Harlow's classic study on attachment, the baby monkeys preferred the 'mother' made of soft terry cloth over the one made of cold, hard wire mesh. The monkeys spent more time clinging to and seeking comfort from the terry cloth mother, indicating a preference for warmth and comfort over basic needs such as food.

Question 10

Stranger anxiety first appears at what age?

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety first appears at around 6 months of age, when infants start to become more aware of their surroundings and can differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar people. They may become apprehensive or fearful when encountering people they do not recognize.

Question 11

In this type of attachment, these toddlers are less likely to explore any toys when the mother is present and they show greater distress when she leaves the room. When she returns they run to greet her, but then push away when she attempts to comfort or pick them up.

Accepted Answer

Insecure-resistant attachment is characterized by the toddler being hesitant to explore toys when the caregiver is present, showing distress when the caregiver leaves, and seeking contact with the caregiver upon their return but then resisting comfort or attempts to be picked up. This is in contrast to secure attachment, where the toddler is comfortable exploring their environment when the caregiver is present and seeks comfort from the caregiver when needed, and insecure-avoidant attachment, where the toddler doesn't seek comfort from the caregiver at all. The disorganised-disoriented attachment is characterized by inconsistent and unpredictable behavior towards the caregiver.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a toddler who securely attached during the Strange Situation test?

Accepted Answer

A toddler who is securely attached would usually show distress when their caregiver leaves the room but can be comforted when the caregiver returns. They greet their caregiver happily and begin to smile.

Question 13

There is an evolutionary basis for the development of stranger anxiety. Learning to stay close to familiar persons helps infants to ____.

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety is a natural response to unfamiliar individuals as it helps infants to stay close to familiar persons who provide protection and safety. This behavior allows infants to avoid potential danger from unfamiliar individuals.

Question 14

Under normal conditions, young children use their primary attachment figure as a ____.

Accepted Answer

A primary attachment figure serves as a secure base for young children, providing a sense of safety and security to explore the world around them. The primary attachment figure also provides emotional support, comfort, and reassurance to the child in times of distress. The other options, such as nutrition, entertainment, and education, can be provided by a variety of different caregivers and are not necessarily tied to the primary attachment figure.

Question 15

In this type of attachment, toddlers show little or no interaction with the mother when she is present and no response to the mother's departure or return.
Question is fine. They are talking about 2 different attachment styles.
AU: Please check if MCQs 55 and 57 mean the same?

Accepted Answer

This description matches the insecure-avoidant attachment style, where the toddler shows little or no interaction with the mother and no response to her departure or return. The secure attachment style involves using the mother as a secure base, seeking comfort from her when distressed, and being visibly upset when she leaves. The insecure-resistant attachment style is marked by ambivalent behavior towards the mother, such as seeking closeness but also pushing her away. The disorganized-disoriented attachment style involves inconsistent and often contradictory behavior towards the mother.

Question 16

According to Bowlby, what loss would be catastrophic for children's development?

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby's attachment theory, the loss of the primary attachment figure would be catastrophic for a child's development as it is through this attachment that they learn how to trust and rely on others, regulate their emotions, and develop a sense of self-worth. While the mother is often the primary attachment figure, it is not necessarily always the case, as this can also be the father or another caregiver who consistently provides care and nurturance to the child. Therefore, options A and B are not always applicable. The loss of siblings may be traumatic, but it is not considered catastrophic in the same way as the loss of the primary attachment figure.

Question 17

Lorenz and other ethologists believed that the foundation of the bond between the young of the species and their mothers was ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lorenz and other ethologists believed that the...

Question 18

____ is an emotional bond that promotes the protection and survival of children during the years in which they are most vulnerable.

Accepted Answer

Attachment is the emotional bond that develops between infants and caregivers, promoting protection and survival during the vulnerable years of childhood. A secure base and home base are related concepts in attachment theory, referring to the sense of security that a child feels with a caregiver as a base of exploration and return during social and environmental interactions. Imprinting is a process of rapid learning and bonding that occurs in some animal species, particularly birds.

Question 19

In this type of attachment, toddlers show extremely unusual behaviour. They seemed dazed and detached when the mother leaves the room, but with outbursts of anger. When the mother returns, they may seem fearful.

Accepted Answer

This type of attachment is known as disorganised-disoriented attachment. Toddlers with this attachment style exhibit confusing and contradicting behaviour, often seeming disoriented and fearful. They may display unusual motor behaviour and be difficult to soothe.

Question 20

Toddlers with a disorganised-disoriented attachment most closely resemble which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Toddlers with a disorganised-disoriented attachment display a lack of clear attachment behaviour, which can result in seeming dazed and detached when their mother leaves the room and remaining fearful when she returns. Option A describes a secure attachment, option B describes an avoidant attachment, and option C describes an ambivalent attachment.

Quiz 5: Toddlerhood