Question 1

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Accepted Answer

Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of some antipsychotic drugs, characterized by involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and extremities.

Question 2

Kyle just had a hallucination due to schizophrenia.What type of hallucination did he most likely experience?

Accepted Answer

Auditory hallucinations are the most common type experienced by individuals with schizophrenia. These involve hearing voices or sounds that are not actually present.

Question 3

What is the negative symptom of schizophrenia known as "flat affect"?

Accepted Answer

Flat affect is a negative symptom of schizophrenia characterized by a lack of emotional response and a blank facial expression. Other negative symptoms include an inability to initiate and persist in activities, an inability to experience pleasure, and a lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 4

What is the general trend in the treatment of schizophrenia today?

Accepted Answer

The general trend in the treatment of schizophrenia today is toward early intervention. Early intervention is associated with better outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia, as it allows for quicker identification and treatment of symptoms. This approach often includes a combination of medication, therapy, and other psychosocial interventions.

Question 5

What was included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 includes a dimensional assessment of symptoms to capture the severity of schizophrenia, rather than focusing on subtypes or risk of violence.

Question 6

Wayne believes that people are spying on him.He claims that the RCMP has put a microphone in his dog's stomach so that they can listen to his private conversations.What kind of delusions do Wayne's beliefs illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Wayne's beliefs illustrate delusions of persecution, as he believes that he is being spied on and targeted by authorities.

Question 7

Since the latter half of the 20th century, what has been the outcome of the deinstitutionalization policy?

Accepted Answer

Many former patients became homeless as a result of deinstitutionalization.

Question 8

Eugen Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia as an "associative splitting" of the basic functions of personality led to an incorrect use of the term.What is this incorrect meaning?

Accepted Answer

Eugen Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia as an "associative splitting" led to the incorrect use of the term "multiple personality," which is now known as dissociative identity disorder. Manic-depressive disorder (now known as bipolar disorder), a fugue state, and folie à deux are not directly related to Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia as associative splitting.

Question 9

In the 1970s, researchers set up a treatment system called a "token economy" in a mental health centre.What is the focus of this type of treatment for patients with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

The focus of a token economy system, especially in the context of treating patients with schizophrenia in a mental health center, is on improving socialization and self-care skills. Patients are rewarded with tokens for positive behaviors, which can then be exchanged for privileges or items. This method encourages the development of daily living and interpersonal skills.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a persecutory delusion?

Accepted Answer

A persecutory delusion involves a belief that someone or something is out to get you, harm you, or otherwise persecute you in some way. The other answer choices are not examples of persecutory delusions. B is an example of a somatic delusion, C is an example of a delusion of doubles, and D is an example of a grandiose delusion.

Question 11

Which of the following would be considered a delusion?

Accepted Answer

A delusion is a belief that is held despite evidence to the contrary. In this scenario, the belief that one's neighbors are aliens from another planet is a delusion because there is no evidence to support this belief, and it goes against common understanding of reality. The other answer choices are not delusions - seeing a vision, having a compulsion to wash one's hands, and feeling pain are all experiences that can be explained through other means (e.g. hallucination, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and physical injury, respectively).

Question 12

The neuroleptic drugs, which were introduced in the 1950s, primarily treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom?

Accepted Answer

Alogia is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, which refers to a reduction in spontaneous speech and the content of speech. The other choices, delusions, agitation, and hallucinations, are all positive symptoms, which refer to the presence of abnormal experiences or behaviors.

Question 13

Several studies have shown a link between eye-tracking deficits and schizophrenic symptoms.Which of the following symptoms are these?

Accepted Answer

Eye-tracking deficits in schizophrenia are more closely associated with positive symptoms, but they can also relate to negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions, which are more directly linked to the eye-tracking issues observed in these patients.

Question 14

Many celebrity "stalkers" likely have which form of delusional disorder?

Accepted Answer

The erotomanic type of delusional disorder involves the belief that someone, usually of higher status or fame, is in love with the individual. This type of delusion can lead to stalking behavior, as the individual believes there is a romantic connection between themselves and the celebrity.

Question 15

According to Statistics Canada, how does the rate of acute care hospitalizations differ for Indigenous individuals with schizophrenic/psychotic disorders compared to non-Indigenous individuals with the same disorders?

Accepted Answer

Indigenous individuals, both on and off reserves, experience nearly double the rate of acute care hospitalizations for schizophrenic/psychotic disorders compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts, highlighting significant disparities in mental health outcomes.

Question 16

How are schizophrenia and delusional disorder different?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, whereas delusional disorder often starts later in life, commonly in middle age. This distinction in the age of onset is one of the key differences between the two disorders.

Question 17

Liam has been showing signs of schizophrenia for a couple of months.At this point, which disorder can he be diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

Schizophreniform disorder is diagnosed when an individual exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech, for a period of at least one month but less than six months. Since Liam has been showing signs for a couple of months, this diagnosis fits the duration criteria, unlike schizophrenia, which requires symptoms to be present for at least six months. Schizoaffective disorder and delusional disorder have different symptom criteria.

Question 18

In the 1950s, what medications provided the first real hope for people with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

In the 1950s, neuroleptics (also known as antipsychotics) were first developed as medications for people with schizophrenia. These medications were the first real hope for effectively treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (such as hallucinations and delusions). Insulin shock therapy had been used earlier, but was not effective for treating schizophrenia. Antagonists and antidepressants were not specifically developed for schizophrenia until later.

Question 19

When looking for abnormalities in the brain as clues to the influences of schizophrenia, it is important to keep certain questions in mind when doing correlational research.For example, if a person with schizophrenia were found to have an excess of dopamine, a researcher would need to ask certain questions.Which of the following is NOT one of these questions?

Accepted Answer

The question of why the dopamine system is active in the schizophrenic brain is not relevant in this context, as the focus is on the correlation between dopamine excess and schizophrenia, rather than the underlying causes of either. The other three questions are all relevant to this line of inquiry.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a type of symptom in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Manic symptoms are not a type of symptom in schizophrenia. Positive symptoms involve an excess or distortion of normal functions, such as hallucinations and delusions. Negative symptoms involve a reduction or absence of normal functions, such as lack of motivation and emotional expression. Disorganized symptoms involve disorganized speech and behavior.

Quiz 14: Neurodevelopmental Disorders