Question 1

Clark and colleagues (1997) found that patients with one personality disorder also tend to obtain high scores on measures of sociotropy.What was the personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

The study by Clark and colleagues (1997) found that patients with dependent personality disorder tend to obtain high scores on measures of sociotropy, which is a personality trait characterized by a strong need for approval, close relationships, and being guided by others.

Question 2

Oliver has "ideas of reference," but senses that these beliefs are probably unrealistic.Which personality disorder is Oliver most likely to be diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

Oliver's symptoms of having "ideas of reference" suggest that he may have schizotypal personality disorder. People with this disorder often have unusual beliefs or magical thinking, as well as paranoid ideation and social discomfort. However, they are usually aware that their beliefs are not based in reality, which distinguishes schizotypal from other psychotic disorders.

Question 3

To people who know her casually, Liz is charming.But underneath her superficial charm is an impulsive, self-centred, insensitive, irresponsible person who has little anxiety and feels no guilt or remorse when she hurts someone else.She blames others for her problems.While she can appear to be the nicest person in the world, if you get in her way-watch out! Which personality disorder does Liz most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Liz displays the classic symptoms of antisocial personality disorder, such as impulsivity, self-centeredness, insensitivity, irresponsibility, lack of anxiety or guilt, blame-shifting, and a tendency to hurt others without remorse.

Question 4

How do individuals with dependent personality disorder respond to therapy?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with dependent personality disorder often appear as "model" patients in therapy, demonstrating compliance with the therapist's demands and an eagerness to please. However, they may struggle with making progress in therapy due to their intense fear of abandonment and difficulty asserting themselves. It is important for the therapist to provide a safe and supportive environment to help them build self-confidence and autonomy.

Question 5

Dr.Hamid studies antisocial personality disorder.Which group most likely comprises the basis for much of Dr.Hamid's research?

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is strongly associated with criminal behavior. Therefore, it is likely that Dr. Hamid's research is focused on criminals as the main group of interest.

Question 6

One unusual finding discussed in your textbook is that a personality disorder may have played a role in the behaviour of several serial killers.Which personality disorder is it?

Accepted Answer

The answer of One unusual finding discussed in your textbook...

Question 7

A woman demonstrating very stereotypical female traits probably would be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder.Whatwould most likely occur if a man demonstrated very stereotypical masculine traits?

Accepted Answer

Stereotypical masculine traits are often more socially accepted and normalized, and therefore are not typically viewed as pathological or indicative of a personality disorder.

Question 8

Terrance is very work oriented, spends little time going to movies or parties, is rigid in his thinking, and has generally poor interpersonal relationships.Which personality disorder does Terrance most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Terrance's tendencies towards work, rigidity, and poor interpersonal relationships are characteristics commonly associated with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. The other options are less likely based on the given information.

Question 9

Phillipe Pinel (1801) used the term manie sans délire to describe roughly the same symptoms as a disorder in the DSM-5.What is that disorder?

Accepted Answer

Manie sans délire, described by Phillipe Pinel, refers to a condition characterized by impulsive and aggressive behavior without delusions or hallucinations, which aligns with the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder in the DSM-5.

Question 10

What does the presence of low-frequency theta waves in the brains of psychopaths lead to?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the presence of low-frequency theta...

Question 11

Marielle has histrionic personality disorder.Her family has asked Marielle's psychiatrist whether there is any treatment that can help reduce her problematic behaviours.What is the psychiatrist most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

There are no well-controlled studies demonstrating the success of specific treatments for histrionic personality disorder, making it difficult to recommend a definitive treatment approach.

Question 12

There appears to be a relationship between two personality disorders, with some evidence that each may be gender-typed, alternative ways of expressing the same underlying condition.What are these two disorders?

Accepted Answer

Histrionic and antisocial personality disorders have been proposed by some researchers to be gender-typed expressions of the same underlying disorder. Histrionic personality disorder is more commonly diagnosed in women and is characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior. Antisocial personality disorder, more frequently diagnosed in men, involves a disregard for and violation of the rights of others. The theory suggests that these could be different manifestations based on gender of a similar underlying issue.

Question 13

Martin's father asks Martin's psychiatrist what has caused Martin's schizoid personality disorder.What is the psychiatrist most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

The cause of schizoid personality disorder is currently unknown. While there may be a genetic component, research has not yet identified a specific genetic cause. It is also not considered to be a learned behavior or solely caused by social factors.

Question 14

One prominent theory of psychopathy suggests that the behaviours are caused by an imbalance between two systems.What are these two systems?

Accepted Answer

The theory suggests that psychopathic behaviours are caused by an imbalance between the brain's behavioural inhibition system, which regulates impulsive behaviour and the brain's reward system, which activates in response to pleasurable experiences.

Question 15

Individuals with avoidant personality disorder usually respond to certain feelings by avoiding relationships; those with dependent personality disorder respond to the same feelings by clinging to relationships.Which of the following best characterizes those feelings?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with avoidant personality disorder and dependent personality disorder both experience feelings of inadequacy. Those with avoidant personality disorder avoid relationships due to fear of rejection and feelings of inadequacy, while those with dependent personality disorder cling to relationships due to a need for reassurance and support stemming from similar feelings of inadequacy.

Question 16

What does the psychological treatment that has been found to be most effective in helping patients with borderline personality disorder involve?

Accepted Answer

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), which is most effective for borderline personality disorder, focuses on teaching patients skills to cope with life stressors more effectively.

Question 17

Ming has narcissistic personality disorder and Ian has antisocial personality disorder.Although they are quite different, which of the Big Five personality traits do they most likely share?

Accepted Answer

Both narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder are associated with high levels of disagreeableness, which includes traits related to antagonism, manipulativeness, and callousness towards others. Therefore, the most likely shared Big Five personality trait between Ming and Ian is disagreeableness.

Question 18

According to the underarousal hypothesis, why do psychopaths engage in their characteristic behaviours?

Accepted Answer

The underarousal hypothesis suggests that psychopaths engage in their characteristic behaviors to achieve a level of stimulation or arousal that non-psychopathic individuals obtain from more normal or less extreme activities. This is because psychopaths are thought to have lower baseline levels of arousal.

Question 19

Dr.Eso specializes in treating histrionic personality disorder and dependent personality disorder.Which statement most likely describes her patient population?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that there is a higher prevalence of histrionic personality disorder and dependent personality disorder in women compared to men. Therefore, it is likely that Dr. Eso's patient population will have more women with both of these disorders.

Question 20

Which of the following pairs includes the two major neurobiological theories that have received a great deal of attention in psychopathy?

Accepted Answer

The two major neurobiological theories that have received significant attention in the context of psychopathy are underarousal and fearlessness. These theories suggest that individuals with psychopathy exhibit lower than average arousal levels, which may contribute to their risk-seeking behaviors and lack of fear in situations where others would respond with caution.

Quiz 13: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders