Question 1

At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to

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The answer of At some point during the babbling stage,...

Question 2

After Paul's snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is responsible for language comprehension, so damage to this area can result in difficulty understanding what others are saying. Damage to Wernicke's area in the cerebral cortex is associated with difficulties in understanding what others are saying, often known as receptive aphasia or Wernicke's aphasia. This is because this area is responsible for processing and interpreting auditory information.

Question 3

Although Kaylee agreed with a particular politician's policies and position statements, her unconscious gut reaction to his slightly high-pitched voice led her to vote for the opposition candidate. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates the impact of intuition, which can be defined as an unconscious, effortless, and automatic feeling or thought that influences our behavior without our conscious awareness. In this case, Kaylee's unconscious gut reaction to the politician's voice influenced her decision to vote for the opposition candidate, despite agreeing with the policies of the original candidate. This scenario exemplifies the impact of intuition, which is an automatic, quick, and unconscious mental process that influences decision-making. Kaylee's gut reaction to the politician's voice is an example of intuition overriding conscious decision-making based on actual policies and positions.

Question 4

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for

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The answer of Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize...

Question 5

Bilingual people, who inhibit one language while using the other, can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information. This has been called

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The term "bilingual advantage" refers to the cognitive advantage observed in bilingual individuals, including better attentional control and inhibition of irrelevant information. This advantage has been attributed to the frequent use of cognitive control mechanisms in bilingual language processing, which carries over to non-verbal cognitive tasks.

Question 6

Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes the availability heuristic, which is the tendency to make judgments based on the easiest information that comes to mind. In this case, Dean is more likely to remember the tasks he has personally completed, making it easier for him to overestimate his share of the overall responsibility. Dean's overestimation is due to the availability heuristic, which is the tendency to rely on easily accessible information when making judgments. In this case, Dean is more likely to recall his own contributions to family chores compared to others', leading to an overestimation of his responsibility.

Question 7

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second- grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Zumpano's behavior is an example of confirmation bias, which is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. In this case, Mrs. Zumpano's belief is that boys are naughtier than girls, and she is selectively paying attention to the behaviors of boys to confirm this belief. Mrs. Zumpano's behavior best illustrates confirmation bias, which is the tendency to search for information that confirms preexisting beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence. Mrs. Zumpano's belief that boys are naughtier than girls biases her attention towards the boys in the classroom, which may cause her to overlook misbehavior in girls or falsely attribute misbehavior to boys. This bias may in turn reinforce her belief about boys, leading to a self-perpetuating cycle of confirmation bias.

Question 8

Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as "75 percent lean" than to ground beef described as "25 percent fat." This illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced by

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates the framing effect, where the way information is presented (framed) can influence how people perceive it. In this case, presenting the information as "75 percent lean" emphasizes the positive attribute of lean meat, while presenting it as "25 percent fat" highlights the negative attribute of fatty meat. By framing the information in a more positive way, consumers are more likely to respond positively. This scenario exemplifies framing, which is the concept of how information is presented or "framed" to influence our perceptions and decisions. In this example, the two phrases "75 percent lean" and "25 percent fat" are both describing the same thing, but the former has a more positive connotation and emphasizes the desirable quality of the beef, while the latter has a negative connotation and emphasizes the undesirable quality of the beef. The way the information is framed influences how consumers perceive the product and affects their decision to purchase it.

Question 9

Business managers are often overly confident of their own hiring ability because they are more likely to monitor the successes of people they hired than the achievements of those they rejected. This illustrates that overconfidence may be facilitated by

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates confirmation bias, which is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or expectations. The business managers are more likely to focus on the successes of people they hired, confirming their belief in their own hiring ability, while disregarding the achievements of those they rejected, which could challenge their confidence. The scenario described in the question is an example of confirmation bias, where the business managers are only focusing on the successes of people they hired, therefore confirming their belief that they are good at hiring. They are ignoring the possible successes of those who were rejected, leading to an overconfident attitude.

Question 10

Deaf culture advocates are most likely to object to the use of cochlear implants for

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The answer of Deaf culture advocates are most likely to...

Question 11

Compared with deaf children exposed to sign language from birth, those who first learn sign language as teens are less likely to

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Deaf children who learn sign language as teens may have more difficulty comprehending grammatical subtleties of sign language because their brain has not been exposed to linguistic input during the critical period of language acquisition (0-5 years). In contrast, deaf children exposed to sign language from birth have a better chance of developing native-like proficiency in sign language, including the ability to understand and use grammatical structures. While there may be individual differences in sign production, concrete object representation, and association with written words, these abilities are also likely to be influenced by other factors such as language exposure and language use. Research has shown that individuals who learn sign language as teenagers have more difficulty mastering the grammatical subtleties of the language compared to those who are exposed to sign language from birth. This is likely due to the critical period for language acquisition, which ends around puberty. However, these individuals are still typically able to communicate effectively using sign language.

Question 12

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance refers to the cognitive bias that people have in maintaining their initial beliefs or concepts even after they have been proven false or invalid. People tend to cling to their beliefs and ignore information or evidence that contradicts their belief system, which can lead to irrational decision-making and stubbornness. The other options are incorrect as they refer to different cognitive biases or problem-solving methods. Belief perseverance refers to the tendency for people to cling to their initial beliefs even when presented with information that contradicts those beliefs. This can often lead to confirmation bias, which is the tendency to seek out and interpret information in a way that supports one's pre-existing beliefs. The availability heuristic refers to the tendency to rely on easily accessible or memorable information when making judgments or decisions, while trial and error is a problem-solving strategy that involves trying different solutions until one works. Therefore, neither A nor B accurately describe the concept described in the question.

Question 13

After identifying an ethnically blended face as Asian rather than as Caucasian, Belgian students recalled the face as more closely resembling their ________ of an Asian face.

Accepted Answer

A prototype is a mental representation of a category or group, based on typical features or characteristics. In this case, the students have a prototype of what they consider an Asian face to look like, and they use that prototype to determine how closely the blended face resembles an Asian face.

Question 14

At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

At the age of 15 months, Anita's repetitive use of "hoy" to indicate her desire for her mother to hold her suggests that she is in the one-word stage of language development. In this stage, children start to learn and use single standalone words to convey their wants and needs.

Question 15

Animal trainers' expectations may have led them to interpret some chimpanzees' signs as indicative of greater linguistic ability than is warranted. This best illustrates the shortcoming of

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The answer of Animal trainers' expectations may have led them...

Question 16

As he attempted to spell the word receive, Tim reminded himself "i before e except after c." Tim's self-reminder best illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

Tim's self-reminder of "i before e except after c" is an example of a heuristic, which is a mental shortcut or rule of thumb that aids problem-solving and decision-making. This particular heuristic is often used for spelling words that contain the letters "i" and "e". Tim's self-reminder of the rule "i before e except after c" is an example of a heuristic - a mental shortcut that allows people to quickly make judgments and solve problems. Heuristics are often based on intuitive reasoning or common sense, rather than following a strict set of rules or procedures (known as an algorithm).

Question 17

After spending two hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Amira finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Amira's experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Amira's experience best illustrates insight, which is the sudden realization of a solution to a problem after a period of time where the problem was not consciously worked on. This solution is not reached through trial and error, but rather through a sudden "aha" moment. Amira experienced insight, which is the sudden realization of a solution to a problem after a period of cognitive inactivity. This is different from belief perseverance, which is the tendency to maintain a belief even in the face of contradictory evidence; the availability heuristic, which is the tendency to make judgments based on easily available examples or experiences; and a mental set, which is the tendency to approach a problem by using a familiar strategy that may or may not be appropriate.

Question 18

An impairment of language is known as

Accepted Answer

An impairment of language is known as aphasia, which is a neurological disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate. The term used to describe an impairment of language is aphasia. A fixation refers to getting stuck on a particular behavior or thought, telegraphic speech is a simplification of language typically seen in children, and babbling is a stage of vocalizing sounds that occur before speaking actual words.

Question 19

Blind people are ________ accurate than sighted people at locating a sound source with one ear plugged, and blind musicians are ________ likely than sighted ones to develop perfect pitch.

Accepted Answer

Blind people have been shown to develop heightened abilities in their other senses to compensate for the lack of vision. This includes being more accurate at locating sound sources, even with one ear plugged. Similarly, blind musicians often have a higher likelihood of developing perfect pitch, a skill that allows them to identify or recreate a given musical note without a reference tone, due to their reliance on auditory information over visual cues.

Question 20

Alex was an African Grey parrot who displayed

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The answer of Alex was an African Grey parrot who...

Quiz 9: Memory