Question 1

The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called

Accepted Answer

Delta waves are the large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep. The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called delta waves. Sleep spindles and alpha waves are associated with other stages of sleep, while REMs refer specifically to the rapid eye movements that occur during the stage of REM sleep.

Question 2

Which of the following is a stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat by increasing insulin resistance, which leads to increased blood sugar levels and the conversion of glucose into fat. Leptin is a hormone that regulates appetite and metabolism, but does not directly stimulate the body to make fat. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep and wake cycles, and NPY (neuropeptide Y) is a peptide neurotransmitter that plays a role in appetite and energy balance, but is not specifically a stress hormone.

Question 3

The experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by

Accepted Answer

LSD is a hallucinogenic drug that can induce vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes through its effects on the brain's serotonin system. Heroin, Nembutal, and amphetamines do not typically produce these types of hallucinations. LSD is a hallucinogenic drug known for causing vivid visual hallucinations, including geometric shapes and dreamlike scenes. Heroin is an opioid and does not typically cause hallucinations. Nembutal is a sedative and can cause drowsiness and decreased consciousness, but not visual hallucinations. Amphetamines can cause increased energy and alertness, but do not typically cause vivid visual hallucinations.

Question 4

A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Dual processing refers to the idea that our brains can process information both consciously and unconsciously, allowing us to simultaneously perform multiple tasks or engage in multiple thought processes. This is illustrated by the example of a driver who can navigate a familiar route while carrying on a conversation with passengers. The driver's conscious attention is focused on the conversation, but their unconscious processing abilities handle the automatic movements required to drive the car. Dual processing refers to the idea that our brains can process information on both a conscious and unconscious level. The ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on a conversation demonstrates the automatic processing of driving, allowing for conscious attention to be focused on the conversation.

Question 5

Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of orexin, which is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and sleep-wake transitions. The production of leptin and melatonin are not specifically linked to narcolepsy, and THC is a cannabinoid compound that is not typically involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Narcolepsy is associated with a deficiency of orexin, also known as hypocretin, which is a peptide neurotransmitter produced in the hypothalamus. The absence of orexin leads to sleep disturbances and symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden sleep attacks, and sleep paralysis. Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue that regulates appetite and energy balance. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles. THC is a psychoactive component found in cannabis that can affect sleep and wakefulness.

Question 6

Hallucinations similar to those that accompany the near-death experience can be produced by

Accepted Answer

Oxygen deprivation, such as through hyperventilation or during a heart attack, can cause hallucinations similar to those reported during near-death experiences. Hallucinations that are similar to those experienced during near-death experiences can be produced by oxygen deprivation. This is because when the brain is deprived of oxygen, it can lead to hallucinations, altered states of consciousness, and other unusual experiences.

Question 7

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of

Accepted Answer

Neuroadaptation refers to the process where the brain adjusts to the presence of a drug, leading to the development of tolerance. Tolerance is characterized by a decreased sensitivity to the effects of the drug, requiring higher doses to achieve the same level of effect. Neuroadaptation refers to the brain's ability to adapt to a drug and develop tolerance, which means the drug user needs more of the drug to achieve the desired effect. This is a common sign of drug use and abuse. Dissociation, narcolepsy, and hallucinations are not necessarily direct signs of neuroadaptation or drug use, although they can be side effects of certain drugs.

Question 8

Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in anxiety and a(n) ________ in mental alertness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in anxiety and...

Question 9

People who claim to have been abducted by space aliens-often shortly after going to bed-commonly recall being floated off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated ________ into their memories.

Accepted Answer

Hypnagogic sensations are brief, dreamlike experiences that occur in the transition from wakefulness to sleep. They often involve sensations of floating, falling, or floating off the bed. These experiences are a common occurrence and may be incorporated into memories of a possible abduction by aliens. Sleep spindles, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea are not likely to be involved in this phenomenon.

Question 10

Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to

Accepted Answer

Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to a suppression of the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to illness and disease. Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to suppression of the immune system, as the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases is compromised. This can make individuals more susceptible to illnesses and infections.

Question 11

The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams.

Accepted Answer

The distinction between manifest content (the surface level content of a dream) and latent content (the underlying and often symbolic meaning of a dream) is a key element of Sigmund Freud's wish-fulfillment theory of dreams. Freud believed that the latent content of dreams reveals unconscious desires and conflicts that are censored by the ego in waking life. The distinction between manifest content (what we remember about our dream) and latent content (the underlying meaning of our dream) is central to Freud's psychoanalytic theory of dreams, particularly his concept of wish-fulfillment. Freud believed that dreams were manifestations of unconscious desires and conflicts, and that by analyzing the latent content of a dream, a person could gain insight into their unconscious mind.

Question 12

The experience of physical pain following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Physical pain following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug is a symptom of withdrawal.

Question 13

Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, and bright light inhibits its production by the pineal gland. Therefore, less production of melatonin means less feelings of sleepiness. Bright light influences the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness. When there is bright light exposure, the production of melatonin is suppressed, which in turn inhibits our feelings of sleepiness. Dopamine, MDMA, and THC are not directly involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness in the same way as melatonin.

Question 14

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumption has been shown to decrease REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, during which memories are consolidated from short-term to long-term. This disruption can result in the impaired ability to form new memories and recall recent experiences. Alcohol consumption has been shown to decrease the amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which is a critical stage of sleep for memory consolidation. Without sufficient REM sleep, the brain has trouble processing recent experiences into long-term memory.

Question 15

Selective attention is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the ability to focus on one particular task or stimulus while ignoring others. Change blindness is an example of selective attention because it occurs when we fail to notice changes in our environment due to our limited attentional resources being focused on one task or stimulus. Hypnagogic sensations and narcolepsy are not related to selective attention. Neuroadaptation refers to a physiological change in response to a stimulus and is not directly related to selective attention. Change blindness is the failure to detect changes in visual stimuli when attention is diverted elsewhere, demonstrating selective attention.

Question 16

Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on

Accepted Answer

Staying up especially late on weekends can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythm, which regulates sleep and wake cycles. This can lead to difficulty falling asleep and waking up, as well as other health problems. Narcolepsy and sleep apnea are sleep disorders that are not directly related to staying up late, and dissociation is a completely different psychological phenomenon. Staying up especially late on weekends can disrupt the normal circadian rhythm, which controls the sleep-wake cycle. This can lead to difficulty falling asleep or waking up at the desired times during the week, often referred to as “social jet lag”.

Question 17

The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is a characteristic of unconscious mental activity, which occurs outside of our awareness but can still influence our behavior and thoughts. REM rebound, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy are all sleep-related conditions that do not directly relate to the processing of information on multiple parallel tracks. The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is a characteristic of unconscious mental activity, such as automatic processing and parallel processing. This type of processing can occur during wakefulness, as well as during sleep. REM rebound, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy are not directly related to this type of information processing.

Question 18

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ghrelin, leading to increased cravings for high-calorie foods and potential weight gain. Melatonin is a sleep hormone, leptin is a hormone that signals fullness, and serotonin is a mood-regulating neurotransmitter. Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ghrelin, while decreasing levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone leptin. Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, and serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation and appetite control, but neither are directly related to hunger arousal or suppression.

Question 19

The neural activation theory provides a physiological explanation for

Accepted Answer

The neural activation theory proposes that dreaming is caused by random neural activity in the brainstem and cortex during REM sleep. The neural activation theory proposes that dreams are a result of random neural activity in the brain during REM sleep, which is then interpreted into meaningful experiences by the brain.

Question 20

Dr. Brooks seeks to account for the substance abuse of her therapy clients in terms of their abusive home environments, their limited sense of life purpose, and the altered functioning of their neurotransmitter systems. Dr. Brooks is most clearly using a(n) ________ approach to understanding addictive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Brooks is taking a biopsychosocial approach, which considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding addictive behaviors. Specifically, she is looking at the interplay between a difficult home environment, a lack of life purpose, and alterations in neurotransmitter systems. The other answer choices do not accurately reflect her approach.

Quiz 3: Nature,nurture and Human Diversity