Question 1

Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon, while ignoring other relevant aspects. In this scenario, Felix is so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks (one aspect) that he fails to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics (other relevant aspects).

Question 2

In the United States and Canada, people today sleep ________ than people did a century ago.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the average sleep duration in the US and Canada has decreased over the past century, with the average person now sleeping around 6 to 7 hours per night compared to 9 hours per night in the early 1900s. Studies have shown that people in the US and Canada today sleep less than they did a century ago, with the average person sleeping around 20% less today than in the early 1900s.

Question 3

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her roommate feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the roommate should

Accepted Answer

Dreams occur during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, so waking Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep will give the best chance of catching her in the act of dreaming. Asking her about her dream immediately after waking up may also help to confirm whether or not she indeed dreams. Feeding her lots of rich food or making an all-night audiotape may not necessarily prove that she dreams. The best way to determine if Margie dreams is to wake her after about 5 minutes of REM sleep, as this is when most dreams occur. Asking her what she is dreaming during this time may provide evidence that she does indeed dream. Feeding her rich food or making an audiotape of her sleep sounds will not provide concrete evidence of dreaming. Waking her after only 5 minutes of sleep may also not be sufficient, as it takes time to enter REM sleep, but it is still the best option out of the choices provided.

Question 4

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

Accepted Answer

Mr. Dayton is exhibiting symptoms of sleep apnea, which is a breathing disorder during sleep that causes frequent pauses in breathing or shallow breathing, leading to snorting or gasping for air before falling back asleep. Snoring is also a common symptom of sleep apnea. Mr. Dayton's symptoms of stopping breathing while sleeping and waking up to snort air indicate sleep apnea. Mrs. Dayton's complaints of snoring also point towards sleep apnea, as snoring is a common symptom.

Question 5

Compared with ordinary cocaine, crack produces a ________ intense high followed by a ________ intense crash.

Accepted Answer

Crack cocaine produces a more intense high and a more intense crash compared to powder cocaine, due to its method of use and rapid absorption into the bloodstream.

Question 6

People at one Swedish supermarket were invited to taste two markedly different jams and then pick their preferred jam to retaste. Fooled by trick jars, they readily explained their jam preference without realizing that they had actually retasted their nonpreferred jam. Their failure to notice anything odd best illustrated

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question is an example of choice blindness, where people are unaware of the choices they make, and can be influenced by factors they are not aware of. In this case, the trick jars were used to manipulate their preference without them noticing.

Question 7

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that deep sleep stages, especially non-REM stage 3, are associated with the release of growth hormones that help physical growth and repair of tissues. Dissociation is a psychological phenomenon, hypnagogic sensations occur in the transition between wakefulness and sleep, and posthypnotic suggestion involves the power of suggestion during hypnosis.

Question 8

Mark's abuse of alcohol and other addictive drugs is influenced by genetic factors, by the ready availability of drugs in Mark's neighborhood, and by Mark's failure to accurately assess the risks associated with drug usage. An understanding of Mark's difficulties within the framework of multiple levels of analysis is most clearly provided by

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach is the most appropriate framework in this case because it acknowledges the role of genetic factors, environmental influences (such as availability of drugs in Mark's neighborhood), and personal factors (such as Mark's inaccurate risk assessment) in contributing to Mark's substance abuse. The other options focus on narrower perspectives (dual-processing theory and neural activation) or on a specific stage in the addiction process (neuroadaptation model), which are not as comprehensive as the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 9

Human body temperatures typically

Accepted Answer

Human body temperatures typically follow a circadian rhythm, with temperature rising in the morning and falling at night. This is due to changes in hormone levels that regulate body temperature, such as cortisol and melatonin.

Question 10

Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in blood pressure and a(n) ________ in pain sensitivity.

Accepted Answer

Nicotine is a stimulant that causes an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in pain sensitivity. Nicotine is a stimulant that increases blood pressure due to the constriction of blood vessels. It also desensitizes pain receptors, leading to a decrease in pain sensitivity.

Question 11

Research indicates that hypnotherapy is especially helpful for the treatment of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research indicates that hypnotherapy is especially helpful...

Question 12

One version of neural activation theory best helps to explain why

Accepted Answer

The neural activation theory suggests that dreams are the result of random firing of neurons in the brain. During REM sleep, these random firings can activate the visual cortex, leading to sudden visual images or dreams. Neural activation theory suggests that during REM sleep, random neural activity in the brain can activate visual, auditory, and other sensory areas, leading to the experience of vivid and often bizarre dream imagery. This explains why people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep. It does not provide an explanation for the realism or content of dreams, the symbolic expression of unacceptable feelings, or the recall of dreams in individuals with sleep apnea.

Question 13

Regular users of ________ may achieve a high with smaller amounts of the drug than occasional users.

Accepted Answer

Regular users of marijuana may build up a tolerance to the drug, meaning they may need to consume larger amounts to achieve the same desired effects. However, studies have shown that some regular users may actually achieve the same effects with smaller amounts than occasional users who do not have the same level of tolerance. This phenomenon is known as reverse tolerance or hypersensitivity.

Question 14

Production of the human growth hormone necessary for muscle development is ________ by slow-wave sleep, which occurs mostly in the ________ half of a long night's sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Production of the human growth hormone necessary...

Question 15

Consciousness is most important for the correct performance of behaviors that

Accepted Answer

Consciousness is particularly crucial for the performance of novel and challenging tasks because these tasks require active thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making, which are processes that involve conscious awareness. Unlike tasks that are well-practiced or mainly physical, novel and challenging tasks cannot be performed automatically and require the individual to be consciously engaged.

Question 16

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are

Accepted Answer

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are all classified as barbiturates. Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are all classified as barbiturates, which are a type of sedative-hypnotic drug used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. They are central nervous system depressants and can be highly addictive and dangerous if taken in excess.

Question 17

Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience

Accepted Answer

The question describes the phenomenon of pattern reactivation during sleep, specifically REM sleep. Therefore, the best choice is A, which refers to REM sleep.

Question 18

Dissociation refers to

Accepted Answer

Dissociation refers to a state of divided consciousness, in which a person may feel disconnected from their thoughts, feelings, memories, or surroundings. It is often associated with trauma and can lead to disorders such as dissociative identity disorder. B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of dissociation.

Question 19

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

Accepted Answer

Cindi's experience most likely reflects the influence of her circadian rhythm, which is the natural internal cycle that regulates many of our bodily processes, including our sleep-wake cycle. For most people, cognitive performance tends to peak in the late morning and early afternoon, then decrease during the late afternoon and evening. However, individual differences in circadian rhythms can cause some people to perform better at different times of day. Cindi's experience is most likely influenced by her circadian rhythm, which regulates her body's natural sleep-wake cycle and can impact things like energy levels and cognitive functioning at different times of day.

Question 20

People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

Accepted Answer

This fact is consistent with the theory of conscious role playing, where individuals act according to the expectations set for them. If people are told that hypnosis is linked to gullibility, they may resist being hypnotized to avoid being perceived as gullible, indicating a conscious decision to play a role.

Quiz 3: Nature,nurture and Human Diversity