Question 1

There is very little relationship between the age of an adult and his or her

Accepted Answer

While age may have some correlation with the risk of dementia and susceptibility to accidental physical injury, research suggests that there is not a strong relationship between age and the ability to recall meaningless information. However, studies have consistently found a positive relationship between age and life satisfaction, with older adults often reporting higher levels of overall life satisfaction. Therefore, the best choice is C, level of life satisfaction.

Question 2

The egocentrism of preschoolers was most strongly emphasized by

Accepted Answer

Piaget's cognitive development theory emphasizes the egocentrism of preschoolers as a characteristic of the preoperational stage. Piaget believed that preschoolers struggle to take the perspective of others and view the world primarily through their own point of view.

Question 3

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol and can result in a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities, including brain abnormalities such as smaller brain size, structural abnormalities, and functional deficits. Egocentrism, habituation, and autism are not direct symptoms of FAS.

Question 4

Three-year-olds were shown a model of a room with a miniature stuffed dog placed behind a miniature couch. By using the model to locate an actual stuffed dog behind a couch in a real room, the children demonstrated their capacity for

Accepted Answer

The children's ability to use the miniature model to locate the actual stuffed dog in a real room demonstrates their capacity for symbolic thinking. They are able to understand that the miniature model represents a larger, real-life situation and use that representation to make inferences and solve problems in the real world.

Question 5

The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl.

Accepted Answer

The first ejaculation is a significant milestone in the physical development of a boy, marking the beginning of reproductive capacity. Similarly, menarche is a significant milestone in the physical development of a girl, marking the beginning of reproductive capacity. Both events signal the beginning of sexual maturity, and are typically experienced in early to mid-adolescence. Sexual intercourse (A) and secure attachment (D) are not directly related to the physical development of puberty.

Question 6

Three-year-olds who experienced a fire evacuation caused by a burning popcorn maker were unable to remember the cause of this vivid event when they were 10- year-olds. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as infantile amnesia, where young children are unable to remember events that occurred before the age of 3-4 years.

Question 7

Vygotsky suggested that new words provide a temporary ________ from which children can step to higher levels of thinking

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky proposed the concept of a "scaffold" to describe how adults and more competent peers provide support to children as they learn new skills or concepts. This support helps the child to move to higher levels of thinking and gradually become more independent. New words are one example of a scaffold that can support a child's cognitive development. Vygotsky's theory of scaffolding suggests that new words or concepts build a cognitive scaffold that allows children to move to higher levels of thinking. The support provided by this scaffold gradually fades away as children become more competent in the task at hand.

Question 8

The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw...

Question 9

The selective loss of unused connections among brain cells is called

Accepted Answer

The selective loss of unused connections among brain cells is called pruning, which helps in refining and strengthening the remaining connections to improve brain efficiency. Imprinting refers to a form of learning that occurs during a critical period of development, conservation refers to the preservation and protection of natural resources, and accommodation refers to the process of adapting to new information or changes in one's environment. The process of selective loss of unused connections among brain cells is referred to as pruning. This is a natural process that occurs in the brain during development and is essential for optimizing brain function.

Question 10

Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing

Accepted Answer

Theories of human development have been criticized for overemphasizing discrete age-linked stages because not all individuals follow a linear progression through these stages, and some may experience developmental delays or accelerations. Additionally, some theorists argue that development is a continuous process rather than a series of distinct stages. Therefore, theories that place too much importance on age-linked stages may not accurately reflect the complexity and variability of human development. Theories of human development have been criticized for overemphasizing age-linked stages, as many individuals may not fit neatly into a specific stage or may progress through stages at different rates than expected.

Question 11

The body structures that enable reproduction are the

Accepted Answer

Primary sex characteristics are the body structures that enable reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, penis, and testes. Secondary sex characteristics, on the other hand, are physical characteristics that develop during puberty but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as breast development, deepening of the voice, and facial hair growth. Teratogens are harmful substances that can cause birth defects, and frontal lobes are a part of the brain involved in decision-making and impulse control. Primary sex characteristics refer to the body structures that are necessary for reproduction, such as the uterus, ovaries, testes, and penis. Secondary sex characteristics, on the other hand, are physical traits that develop during puberty but are not directly related to reproduction, such as breast development, facial hair growth, and deeper voices. Teratogens are substances that can harm a developing fetus, and frontal lobes are a part of the brain associated with higher-level thinking and decision-making, but neither are related to the body structures involved in reproduction.

Question 12

The heart begins to beat during the ________ period of prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heart begins to beat during the...

Question 13

Two-year-old Anna perceives her parents as cold and rejecting. This is most indicative of

Accepted Answer

Anna's perception of her parents as cold and rejecting suggests that she has developed insecure attachment, which can occur when caregivers are consistently unresponsive or insensitive to a child's needs. This type of attachment can impact a child's emotional and social development, leading to difficulty forming healthy relationships in the future. Anna's perception of her parents as cold and rejecting suggests that she may have an insecure attachment style. Insecure attachment is characterized by a lack of trust and emotional distance from attachment figures, and it can stem from inconsistent or unresponsive parenting early in life.

Question 14

The corrupt behavior of many ordinary people who served as Nazi concentration camp guards best illustrates that immorality often results from

Accepted Answer

The corrupt behavior of many ordinary people who served as Nazi concentration camp guards is an example of how social influence can lead to immorality. These individuals were influenced by the group norms and authority figures in the camp, which allowed them to justify their immoral actions. Social influence can lead people to conform to the immoral behavior of a group, such as the guards in Nazi concentration camps who were influenced by the authority of their leaders and the culture of discrimination and hatred that surrounded them.

Question 15

The process of imprinting involves the formation of a(n)

Accepted Answer

Imprinting is a process in which animals form an attachment to the first moving object they see after birth or hatching. This process is important for the survival of many bird and mammal species, as it helps young animals to recognize and follow their caregivers, find food and shelter, and avoid predators.

Question 16

The development stage of adolescence is likely to be most brief in cultures where teens are

Accepted Answer

The development stage of adolescence is characterized by a striving for independence and autonomy from parents or caregivers. In cultures where teens are financially self-supporting, they are more likely to achieve this goal at an earlier age, which may result in a shorter duration of the adolescent stage. On the other hand, cultures where teens are reliant on their parents or caregivers for financial support may prolong the adolescent stage as a means of delaying the responsibilities of adulthood. The development stage of adolescence is likely to be most brief in cultures where teens are financially self-supporting because the transition from childhood to adulthood happens earlier, and thus there is less time for the typical struggles associated with adolescence such as identity formation and role confusion. In cultures where teens are expected to be self-sufficient and contribute to the household or community, they are often given more responsibilities and opportunities to take on adult roles and behaviors earlier in life. Therefore, they have less time to experience the typical challenges of adolescence.

Question 17

When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly near the beginning of Piaget's ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy...

Question 18

The best predictor of a couple's marital satisfaction is the

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that the ratio of positive to negative interactions is the best predictor of a couple's marital satisfaction. Couples who have a ratio of 5 positive interactions to 1 negative interaction are more likely to have a happy and long-lasting relationship. The frequency of sexual intimacy and intensity of passionate feelings may contribute to an enjoyable relationship, but they are not as reliable predictors of marital satisfaction. The experience or nonexperience of a prior marriage may have some impact on marital satisfaction, but it is not as strong a predictor as the ratio of positive to negative interactions. Research has consistently shown that the ratio of positive to negative interactions is a strong predictor of marital satisfaction. Couples who have more positive interactions with each other than negative interactions tend to have higher levels of marital satisfaction, while couples with more negative interactions have lower levels of satisfaction. This holds true regardless of how often couples have sex or how intense their feelings of passion are, and regardless of whether or not they have had prior marriages.

Question 19

The ratio of males to females first begins declining during

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ratio of males to females first...

Question 20

Unlike ducklings, children do not imprint. Their fondness for certain people, however, is fostered by

Accepted Answer

Children develop a fondness for certain people through mere exposure, which means they become more familiar and comfortable with individuals they interact with frequently. This is unlike the concept of imprinting seen in ducklings, where they form a strong attraction to the first moving object they see after hatching. Children's fondness for certain people is fostered by mere exposure, meaning they develop a preference for people and things that they are familiar with and have been exposed to repeatedly. This is supported by research on the mere exposure effect, which shows that people tend to like things more as they become more familiar with them.

Quiz 5: Sensation