Question 1

In Marcia's identity confusion state, a crisis is __________ and a commitment is __________.

Accepted Answer

In Marcia's theory of identity status, identity confusion (or diffusion) is characterized by the absence of both a crisis (exploration) and a commitment.

Question 2

In identity __________, numerous crises have been experienced and resolved with relatively permanent commitments made.

Accepted Answer

Identity achievement refers to the stage where an individual has explored different options and made firm commitments to their identity, having resolved various crises.

Question 3

Gerry is 35 years old, changes jobs frequently, seems disloyal to his friends, is often unfaithful to his lovers, and otherwise lives as if "the grass is always greener on the other side." Gerry is showing identity:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gerry is 35 years old, changes jobs...

Question 4

Brian has been channeled for a graduate career in physical engineering even though he detests mechanical devices. He is happiest when he is helping his botany professor in the green house; however, as his parents are going to pay for his education, he is resigned to becoming an engineer. According to Marcia, Brian is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Foreclosure refers to a stage in identity development where an individual commits to an identity without exploring alternatives. In this scenario, Brian has already committed to a physical engineering career despite not enjoying mechanical devices, because he is resigned to the fact that his parents will pay for his education. He has not explored his true interests and passions, and has simply gone along with the path that was presented to him. This aligns with the concept of foreclosure.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an identity status,as proposed by Marcia?

Accepted Answer

James Marcia proposed four identity statuses: identity moratorium, identity confusion (also known as identity diffusion), identity foreclosure, and identity achievement. Identity realization is not one of them.

Question 6

In identity _________, no crisis has been experienced and no commitments have been made.

Accepted Answer

Identity confusion refers to a state where an individual has not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments regarding their identity.

Question 7

Martin registered as an exploratory student while attending a community college, but after taking a few English classes, he has happily declared himself a literature major and looks forward to a career as a book critic. Martin is in the stage of identity:

Accepted Answer

Martin has explored different options and made a commitment to a specific identity, which is characteristic of the identity achievement stage.

Question 8

In Marcia's identity moratorium state, a crisis is __________ and a commitment is __________.

Accepted Answer

In Marcia's identity moratorium state, an individual is experiencing a crisis, meaning they are actively exploring different identities, but they have not yet made a commitment to any particular identity.

Question 9

In Marcia's identity foreclosure state, a crisis is __________ and a commitment is __________.

Accepted Answer

In Marcia's identity foreclosure state, an individual has not experienced a crisis (exploration) but has made a commitment, often based on the expectations or values of others.

Question 10

In identity __________, a number of crises have been experienced but no commitment has been made.

Accepted Answer

Moratorium is a stage of identity development in which a person experiences a number of crises but makes no commitment to a particular identity.

Question 11

Emiko has held a part-time job since he was in high school, but his parents have let him decide what next step he would like to make. Emiko has not decided to take any steps but seems comfortable where he is, in his parents' home. Emiko appears to be in:

Accepted Answer

Emiko is in a moratorium because he has not yet decided on a career path and is comfortable living at home with his parents.

Question 12

If an individual has successfully negotiated several crises and established a relatively permanent commitment, he or she has developed what Marcia referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Identity achievement is the status where an individual has explored different options and made a commitment to a particular identity, indicating successful negotiation of crises.

Question 13

Jennifer was in turmoil about whether to attend college and couldn't make up her mind about which college to attend if she decided to go. As a result, she didn't go to college after her high school graduation. During this time, she was also engaged to be married, but did not want to commit, so she called it off. Jennifer is in a state of identity:

Accepted Answer

Jennifer is in a state of identity moratorium, which is characterized by exploration without having made a commitment. She is exploring her options regarding college and marriage but has not committed to either.

Question 14

Which of the following are the two factors Marcia felt were essential in the attainment of a mature identity?

Accepted Answer

According to Marcia's theory, the two essential factors in the attainment of a mature identity are the ability to transition through crises (such as the identity moratorium) and the establishment of commitments to certain values, beliefs, and life goals.

Question 15

In identity achievement, a crisis is __________ and a commitment is __________.

Accepted Answer

In identity achievement, an individual has undergone a crisis (exploration of different identities) and has made a commitment to a particular identity.

Question 16

Marcia built upon Erikson's theory of psychosocial development when he formulated the concepts of identity statuses. This is evident in the shared concepts of identity:

Accepted Answer

Marcia's identity statuses include identity confusion and moratorium, which are directly related to Erikson's stages of identity development, particularly during adolescence.

Question 17

Crimson is not worried about what she will do when she graduates from high school. As her parents are letting her live at home, Crimson hasn't worried about getting job either. According to Marcia, Crimson's status is identity:

Accepted Answer

Crimson's lack of concern about her future and not actively exploring options suggests she is in a state of identity confusion, where she has not yet committed to or explored her identity or future plans.

Question 18

In identity __________, no crisis has been experienced, but commitments have been made, usually forced on the person by the parent.

Accepted Answer

In identity foreclosure, individuals have made commitments without experiencing a crisis, often due to parental influence.

Question 19

What does the term premature foreclosure refer to?

Accepted Answer

Premature foreclosure refers to adolescents making identity choices without adequate exploration, often adopting roles or beliefs without considering alternatives.

Question 20

Before LouAnn had even considered whether to attend college, her parents pushed her into staying at home and managing their flower shop. What is LouAnn's identity status?

Accepted Answer

LouAnn's identity status is identity foreclosure because she has committed to a role (managing the flower shop) without exploring other options, often due to external pressure from her parents.

Quiz 8: Adolescence

In Marcia's identity confusion state, a crisis is and a commitment is .