Question 1

A(n) __________ is a prediction that can be tested through research and subsequently supported or rejected.

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a statement that proposes a possible explanation or prediction for a phenomenon or set of observations. It can be tested through research and either supported or rejected based on data. The other options are not specific to being testable through research.

Question 2

The appearance of behaviors that are seemingly unrelated to any previous aspect of development would be considered:

Accepted Answer

Discontinuous development refers to the idea that development occurs in distinct stages or steps, with behaviors emerging that are not directly related to previous stages.

Question 3

Hawaiian children improved dramatically in their academic performance when teachers allowed them to work in groups, drawing on their cultural strengths, rather than forcing them into individual efforts. This shows the importance of __________ in understanding development.

Accepted Answer

The improvement in academic performance when Hawaiian children worked in groups highlights the significance of context, as it shows how cultural and social environments can influence development.

Question 4

Which of the following are objectives relating to culture that relate to the biopsychosocial model?

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model considers biological, psychological, and social factors, including cultural influences, in understanding human development. All the options relate to understanding how culture impacts development, values, attitudes, and the transmission of ideas, aligning with the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 5

Hawaiian children are often seen as disruptive in classrooms with low motivation, yet they show remarkable responsibility in caring for their siblings and maintaining their homes. This dichotomy shows the importance of understanding culture at the __________ level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hawaiian children are often seen as disruptive...

Question 6

When you have identified a research problem using a theory (which by definition is well-established), designed a study to investigate the problem, collected and analyzed the data, drawn conclusions, and communicated the conclusions to your peers, you have engaged in:

Accepted Answer

The scientific method involves systematically investigating a research problem using established theories, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and communicating findings.

Question 7

Children are able to walk, because they crawled earlier and then are able to run, because they built upon the skills they learned while walking. Each of these behaviors proceeds in a predictable order at a relatively steady pace for each child. This illustrates the concept of __________ in development.

Accepted Answer

The concept of continuity in development refers to the idea that development proceeds in a relatively smooth and gradual manner, building on earlier skills and abilities. This is demonstrated in the example given, as children first learn to crawl, which sets the stage for later learning to walk, and so on. Epigenesis, trait theory, and causality are not relevant concepts in this context.

Question 8

Professor Heidake argues that development unfolds in a series of measured and deliberate changes. His view suggests that development is a(n) __________ process.

Accepted Answer

Professor Heidake's view suggests that development is a continuous process that unfolds in a series of measured and deliberate changes.

Question 9

The first step of scientific inquiry is establishing a testable:

Accepted Answer

The first step of scientific inquiry is to establish a testable hypothesis, which is a possible explanation for a phenomena that can be tested through observation and experimentation. The other options, theory, methodology, and explanation of behavior, come later in the scientific process.

Question 10

According to the text, an important perspective in appreciating other cultures is:

Accepted Answer

The phrase "different does not mean deficient" emphasizes understanding and valuing cultural differences without viewing them as inferior.

Question 11

Which of the following represents the prevailing attitude among developmental psychologists pertaining to the continuity versus discontinuity of development issue?

Accepted Answer

Most contemporary developmental psychologists agree that development involves both continuous and discontinuous change. They recognize that some aspects of development, such as physical growth, represent a relatively continuous process, whereas other aspects, such as cognitive and social development, involve more abrupt changes or qualitative shifts. Therefore, option A represents the prevailing attitude among developmental psychologists.

Question 12

__________ refers to the view that development proceeds steadily and sequentially.

Accepted Answer

Continuity refers to the idea that development occurs gradually and predictably over time, with new skills or abilities building on previously acquired ones in a step-by-step manner. This contrasts with discontinuity, which sees development as marked by more abrupt shifts and qualitative changes.

Question 13

According to the text author, regardless of the method of investigation, the ultimate question for understanding human behavior is:

Accepted Answer

The author states that regardless of the method of investigation, the ultimate question for understanding human behavior is why behaviors develop and occur as they do. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate answer. Option A, B, and D are not mentioned by the author as the ultimate question for understanding human behavior.

Question 14

According to Bjorklund, is there a nature-nurture controversy for developmental psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Bjorklund argues that there is no nature-nurture controversy because biological factors and experiential factors cannot be separated in developmental psychology. He emphasizes that both nature and nurture are necessary for understanding human development.

Question 15

As emphasized by the text author, the developmental paths that unfold for each individual are largely a product of:

Accepted Answer

The text author emphasizes that developmental paths are largely a product of the interaction between genes and the environment. While genetics play a role, it is the interaction with the environment that ultimately shapes an individual's development. The influence of the environment can also include social, cultural, and economic factors. The development of an individual is not entirely random or unpredictable as there are factors that contribute to the shaping of their experience.

Question 16

A psychologist wants to know if the expansion of intellectual ability is the result of a slow, but steady process or the result of distinct, cognitive stages. She is concerned with which lifespan issue?

Accepted Answer

The psychologist's concern with the expansion of intellectual ability being the result of a slow, but steady process versus distinct cognitive stages relates to the lifespan issue of continuity versus discontinuity. This issue explores whether development is continuous and gradual or occurs in distinct stages.

Question 17

After her skiing accident, Rachael became less outgoing, more thoughtful, and more reserved. This alteration in her demeanor is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Discontinuous change refers to a sudden or distinct change in behavior or personality, often due to a significant event, such as Rachael's skiing accident.

Question 18

The fundamental approach to understanding behavior through the scientific method is through:

Accepted Answer

The fundamental approach to understanding behavior through the scientific method is through testing. This involves formulating hypotheses and then gathering and analyzing data to test those hypotheses. Philosophical analysis may inform the development of hypotheses, but it is not the primary approach to understanding behavior through the scientific method. Meta-analysis and peer review are methods of evaluating and synthesizing existing research, rather than conducting new research through the scientific method.

Question 19

The __________ versus __________ issue revolves around the question of whether development is more a product of genetic or environmental influences.

Accepted Answer

The nature versus nurture issue specifically relates to the debate over the relative importance of genetic (nature) versus environmental (nurture) influences in the development of individual differences in traits and abilities.

Question 20

According to developmental psychologist Michael Lewis, the developmental changes we experience are directly related to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to developmental psychologist Michael Lewis, the...

Quiz 1: Lifespan Development: an Introduction