Question 1

Tyler finds himself in the emergency room after suffering from alcohol poisoning. Tyler's BAC must have been at least ____.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol poisoning is a serious and potentially deadly condition that occurs from consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time. A blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.25 or higher is typically associated with severe impairment and can lead to alcohol poisoning.

Question 2

Barry, an alcoholic, is at risk for low cardiac output associated with chronic alcohol use referred to as alcoholic ____.

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is a condition resulting from chronic alcohol abuse, leading to heart muscle damage and decreased cardiac output.

Question 3

Sensitization typically occurs in response to alcohol's ____ effects.

Accepted Answer

Sensitization typically occurs in response to alcohol's reinforcing effects, where repeated exposure can lead to an increased response to the substance's rewarding properties.

Question 4

Unaware that she is pregnant, Tabitha engages in heavy alcohol drinking during most of her pregnancy. If Tabitha's baby develops fetal alcohol syndrome, what facial characteristics will be prominent?

Accepted Answer

Eyes set far apart is a characteristic facial feature of fetal alcohol syndrome, along with other features such as a smooth philtrum and thin upper lip.

Question 5

Who is likely participating in cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat alcohol dependence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is likely participating in cognitive-behavioral therapy...

Question 6

The term hangover refers to an unpleasant experience that occurs after alcohol consumption. Describe the symptoms and social cost of a hangover. In addition, discuss and analyze the five theories describing the biological origins of a hangover, discussing relevant studies that support the theories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term hangover refers to an unpleasant...

Question 7

What typically causes a person with a high BAC to pass out?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol at high levels (high BAC) depresses the central nervous system, leading to a dampening of cortical arousal areas, which can cause a person to pass out. This is due to alcohol's sedative effects on the brain, particularly in areas responsible for consciousness and arousal.

Question 8

Describe current pharmacological strategies for treating alcohol dependence. Provide examples of specific medications and their biological mechanisms of action. When applicable, discuss studies that support the effectiveness of these strategies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe current pharmacological strategies for treating alcohol...

Question 9

Estelle is prescribed medication to treat her alcohol dependence. This medication weakens alcohol's reinforcing properties by blocking opioid receptors. What medication was she prescribed?

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that blocks the reinforcing effects of alcohol by blocking opioid receptors in the brain.

Question 10

Increases in alcohol dehydrogenase levels is characteristic of which form of alcohol tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic tolerance to alcohol develops when repeated exposure to alcohol leads to an increase in the enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, involved in metabolizing alcohol, allowing the body to break down alcohol more efficiently.

Question 11

Chronic alcohol use can lead to chronic liver disease, characterized by tissue scarring and poor liver function referred to as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

Chronic alcohol use can lead to cirrhosis, which is characterized by tissue scarring and poor liver function.

Question 12

Bernard is an alcoholic. What term best describes Bernard's condition?

Accepted Answer

Bernard's condition is best described as alcohol dependency, which is a medical diagnosis characterized by an individual's inability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. This term captures the chronic nature of his condition, implying a physical or psychological dependence on alcohol.

Question 13

Dean is an alcoholic. During withdrawal from alcohol, he experiences a seizure. What biological adaptive response played a role in his seizure?

Accepted Answer

During alcohol withdrawal, there is an upregulation of glutamate receptors due to the chronic inhibitory effects of alcohol on the central nervous system. This increased glutamate receptor level can lead to excitotoxicity and seizures during withdrawal.

Question 14

Who is experiencing acute alcohol tolerance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is experiencing acute alcohol tolerance?
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Question 15

Derek, an alcoholic, was just diagnosed with Korsakoff's syndrome. A possible cause and a symptom of this syndrome is ____.

Accepted Answer

Korsakoff's syndrome is often caused by a deficiency in vitamin B1 (thiamine) and is characterized by memory loss, making option D the correct answer.

Question 16

Barry, an alcoholic, suffers from alcoholic cardiomyopathy. What are the characteristics of this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is characterized by the enlargement of the heart and dilation of the heart chambers, which results from the toxic effects of alcohol on the heart muscle over time.

Question 17

Increases in NMDA receptor levels is characteristic of which form of alcohol tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacodynamic tolerance to alcohol involves adaptations by the brain and body to counteract the effects of alcohol, including changes in receptor levels such as the NMDA receptor.

Question 18

How do type A alcoholics differ from type B alcoholics?

Accepted Answer

Type A alcoholics are typically characterized as being 25 and older with a lower genetic risk of alcoholism, while Type B alcoholics are generally under 25 with a higher genetic risk. This distinction is based on the age of onset and the genetic predisposition to alcoholism.

Question 19

After a week of heavy partying during spring break, Liz experiences abnormal heartbeats. She finds out from her doctor that she likely experienced cardiac arrhythmias referred to as "____."

Accepted Answer

Holiday heart syndrome is a condition characterized by cardiac arrhythmias, often atrial fibrillation, after binge drinking, which fits Liz's situation after a week of heavy partying.

Question 20

Alcohol poisoning is characterized by inhibition of ____ functioning.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol poisoning primarily affects the autonomic system, which controls involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and temperature control, leading to potentially life-threatening consequences.

Quiz 8: Alcohol