Question 1

Edward Titchener is to _____ as William James is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Edward Titchener is associated with structuralism, which focuses on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. William James is associated with functionalism, which emphasizes the purpose of consciousness and how it helps us adapt to our environment.

Question 2

As a field and as a profession, psychology is _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

Psychology is a vast field that encompasses a wide range of topics, theories, and practices, making it both immense and diverse. It includes various subfields such as clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and social psychology, among others, each with its own specialized areas of study.

Question 3

Which psychological specialization focuses on learning and teaching?

Accepted Answer

Educational psychology specifically focuses on how people learn and the best practices for teaching, making it the correct specialization for this area.

Question 4

Josiah wanted to study the behaviors of fraternity brothers. In order to conduct this research, he decided to visit several fraternity parties and watch the brothers interact. This type of research would be considered:

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interfering. Since Josiah is watching fraternity brothers at their parties without intervening, this is considered naturalistic observation.

Question 5

Dr. Java is studying the effects of caffeine on hunger. He hypothesizes that people who ingest more caffeine experience less hunger pangs throughout the day. He designs a study where one group of participants is given caffeine throughout the day, and the other group is not allowed to have any caffeine. He then has the two groups journal their hunger pangs throughout the day and he compares the results. In this study, the control group consists of the participants who:

Accepted Answer

The control group in an experiment is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment. In this study, the group not allowed to have any caffeine serves as the control group, as they are used for comparison against the group receiving caffeine to determine the effects of caffeine on hunger.

Question 6

The CEO of a large corporation has hired a psychologist to help her figure out why production has decreased. The type of psychologist she has MOST likely hired is a(n):

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists specialize in the behavior of employees in the workplace and can help address issues related to productivity, work environment, and employee morale, making them the most likely choice for a CEO looking to understand and improve production.

Question 7

Dr. Benito is conducting a study in which he is addressing the question, "Why are 10-year-olds more likely to catch fly balls in baseball than 8-year-olds?" Dr. Benito is MOST likely which type of psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Benito is most likely a developmental psychologist because his study focuses on how abilities (in this case, catching fly balls in baseball) change with age, which is a key concern of developmental psychology. This field examines the psychological changes that occur throughout a person's life span.

Question 8

Which statement is TRUE about Wilhelm Wundt?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is widely recognized as the father of psychology because he established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, marking the formal beginning of psychology as a separate and distinct scientific discipline.

Question 9

A shared lifestyle with its own unique norms, expectations, and values is called:

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the shared lifestyle, including norms, expectations, and values, of a group of people. It encompasses the arts, customs, habits, beliefs, values, behaviors, and knowledge of a society or community.

Question 10

Maria's family is from Mexico, where they use art such as community mural painting as a form of stress relief and socialization. As a school counselor, Maria decides to implement a form of therapy that incorporates art and feels it will have very positive and successful results on the children. Maria's approach matches closest with which type of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Maria's approach is most closely aligned with multicultural psychology, which emphasizes the influence of culture on behavior and mental processes. By incorporating art forms from her cultural background into therapy, she is utilizing cultural knowledge and practices to address psychological needs, which is a key aspect of multicultural psychology.

Question 11

Psychologists who focus on legal and criminal justice issues are typically _____ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

Forensic psychologists specialize in the intersection of psychology and the law, often dealing with legal and criminal justice issues.

Question 12

When conducting research, the whole range of people on which the research is focused is called the:

Accepted Answer

The term "population" in research refers to the entire group of individuals or instances about whom the research is concerned. It is the total set from which a sample might be drawn for the study.

Question 13

Carianne has started hearing voices that are not her own and she is beginning to have delusions, such as thinking she is the princess of a country. The professional that is best suited to conduct her psychological evaluation is a:

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists specialize in diagnosing and treating mental disorders, including those involving hallucinations and delusions.

Question 14

When Jaren went to a psychologist for help with his phobia of spiders, the psychologist explained that his phobia was a result of our ancestors' fears. This explanation would most likely come from what type of psychologist?

Accepted Answer

The explanation that Jaren's phobia of spiders is a result of our ancestors' fears aligns with the perspective of evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary psychologists study how evolutionary principles like natural selection influence human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. They might argue that a fear of spiders could have been advantageous for survival, making this perspective the most relevant to the explanation given.

Question 15

_____ research is research in which the goal is to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables by manipulating one and observing changes in the other.

Accepted Answer

Experimental research involves manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable. This type of research is used to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 16

Leona is about to graduate from college, but she is still unsure about what kind of occupation she should pursue. She visits a psychologist who administers a test to help determine her strengths, interests, and traits. What type of psychologist would MOST likely conduct a test like this?

Accepted Answer

A personality psychologist specializes in understanding individual differences, including traits, interests, and how these influence behavior and choices, such as career paths. They are most likely to administer tests to help individuals like Leona understand their strengths and preferences to make informed career decisions.

Question 17

Which statement about ethical standards in research is true?

Accepted Answer

Researchers are ethically bound to protect the confidentiality of personally identifying information to respect the privacy and rights of participants. This is a fundamental principle in research ethics.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The evolution of psychology has been a gradual process without a single event or discovery that distinctly divides older psychological theories and methods from newer ones. The field has evolved through various schools of thought and methodologies, each building upon or reacting to the ones before it, rather than through abrupt changes or clear-cut boundaries.

Question 19

The correlation coefficient that represents the strongest relationship is:

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to +1, where -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, and values closer to 0 indicate a weaker correlation. A correlation of -.92 is closest to -1, indicating the strongest relationship among the options provided. Option D is invalid because correlation coefficients cannot exceed 1 or be less than -1.

Question 20

Three big questions underlie the field of psychology. These questions include change or stability, universal or unique, and:

Accepted Answer

The three big questions that underlie the field of psychology are change or stability, universal or unique, and nature or nurture. The nature or nurture debate involves whether a person's development is predisposed in their DNA, or a majority of it is influenced by life experiences and environment.

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology

Edward Titchener is to _ as William James is to _.

As a field and as a profession, psychology is _ and _.