Question 1

_____ is when a researcher explains the real purpose of the study to the participants.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is the process where researchers explain the true purpose and nature of the study to the participants, often done after the completion of the study to ensure that any deception used during the study is clarified.

Question 2

_____ is a psychological perspective that focuses on the influence of shared lifestyle and values on behavior and mental processes.

Accepted Answer

Multiculturalism emphasizes the impact of culture, including shared lifestyle and values, on individuals' behavior and mental processes, highlighting how cultural background influences psychological aspects.

Question 3

Taking an absolute or extreme belief about something when a more moderate belief would be more accurate is considered a thinking error known as:

Accepted Answer

The black-or-white fallacy, also known as the false dilemma or false dichotomy, involves seeing things in extreme, either/or terms when a more nuanced or moderate position would be more accurate. This thinking error overlooks the complexities and shades of gray in situations.

Question 4

_____ is the school of thought in psychology that paved the way for research and experiments, further emphasizing the scientific roots.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism, as a school of thought in psychology, emphasized observable behaviors over internal phenomena like thoughts and feelings. It paved the way for research and experiments by focusing on measurable and observable behaviors, thus reinforcing psychology's scientific foundations. Behaviorists like John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner argued that psychology should be a science based on observable behavior and the ways it can be altered by the environment.

Question 5

Psychology emerged from two older academic fields: philosophy and:

Accepted Answer

Psychology's roots can be traced back to both philosophy, with its focus on the mind and behavior from a theoretical standpoint, and physiology, which studies the functions and mechanisms of the living organism, including the brain and nervous system.

Question 6

Henry asked his therapist why he continues to make the same mistakes and date the same type of woman. Henry's therapist told him he might be unaware of his choices and is possibly being controlled by his _____ mind.

Accepted Answer

Henry's therapist suggests that his repetitive behavior in dating might be influenced by his unconscious mind, which refers to the part of the mind that is not currently in focal awareness and can affect behavior without one's conscious knowledge.

Question 7

Dr. Shang is studying the effects of caffeine on hunger. He hypothesizes that people who ingest more caffeine experience less hunger pangs throughout the day. He designs a study where one group of participants is given caffeine throughout the day, and the other group is not allowed to have any caffeine. He then has the two groups journal their hunger pangs throughout the day and he compares the results. In this study, the independent variable is the:

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable. In this study, Dr. Shang manipulates the amount of caffeine ingested by participants to see its effect on hunger pangs, making it the independent variable.

Question 8

Dr. Long is conducting research with some of his patients. He asks them to keep a journal and write about mental activities that they participate in, as well as their reactions to certain stimuli. This process is closely related to Wundt's approach known as:

Accepted Answer

Introspection is a method used in psychology to examine and analyze one's own internal states and mental processes. Wundt, often considered the father of experimental psychology, utilized introspection as a core method in his research, asking subjects to report their thoughts, feelings, and experiences in response to stimuli. Dr. Long's approach of having patients keep journals about their mental activities and reactions aligns with the introspective method, as it involves self-observation and reporting of internal psychological states.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Psychology is a broad field that encompasses the study of mind and behavior, and it includes various subfields such as cognitive, developmental, social, and clinical psychology, among others. The enduring ideas in psychology, such as theories of learning, memory, personality, and social behavior, are supported by empirical research. This research involves systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis to understand and explain psychological phenomena.

Question 10

A person is doing _____ research when he or she reports research using terms such as mean, median, mode, or standard deviation.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive research involves summarizing and organizing data in a meaningful way, often using statistical measures such as mean, median, mode, or standard deviation to describe the characteristics of a dataset.

Question 11

Which example illustrates the thinking error known as authority fallacy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which example illustrates the thinking error known...

Question 12

Who is considered to be the father of American psychology?

Accepted Answer

William James is considered the father of American psychology due to his significant contributions to the field, including his seminal work, "The Principles of Psychology," which laid the foundation for many future psychological theories and practices in the United States.

Question 13

The process when a researcher's results are reviewed by people who are experts in the field is known as:

Accepted Answer

Peer review appraisal is the process where other experts in the field review a researcher's results to ensure accuracy, validity, and originality before publication.

Question 14

_____ is standing by a belief that is crumbling under the weight of evidence to the contrary.

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance is the tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information that contradicts or disconfirms that belief.

Question 15

_____ theory enables psychologists to consider multiple factors when explaining anxiety, rather than just one. This enables a more accurate and complete explanation of the anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to provide a comprehensive explanation for mental health conditions, including anxiety. This contrasts with models that focus on a single aspect, such as purely biological or purely psychological explanations.

Question 16

_____ was a professor who is credited for being the founder of behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

John Watson is recognized as the founder of behaviorism, emphasizing the importance of observable behaviors over internal phenomena like thoughts and feelings.

Question 17

Dr. Tin works with psychiatric patients with severe disorders by studying brain scans and other biological conditions of the disorders. Dr. Tin is MOST likely what type of psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Tin is most likely a physiological psychologist because this field focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behaviors, and learning, including studying brain scans and biological conditions related to psychiatric disorders.

Question 18

Which psychologist typically works as a consultant and focuses on the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists specialize in studying and applying psychological principles to workplace environments, often working as consultants to improve productivity, employee satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness.

Question 19

Ana is struggling with her grades and she is at odds with her boyfriend. Ana feels the stress she is experiencing is overwhelming and she wants to seek out professional help. Ana should make an appointment with a(n):

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychologists specialize in helping individuals cope with personal and interpersonal issues, such as relationship problems and stress, making them the most appropriate choice for Ana's situation.

Question 20

In experimental research, a study when a participant is assigned to the experimental or the control group entirely by chance, is called:

Accepted Answer

Random assignment is a process used in experimental research where participants are assigned to either the experimental group or the control group at random, ensuring that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group. This method helps to eliminate selection bias, ensuring that the groups are comparable at the start of the experiment.

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology