Question 1

Bounded rationality is choosing the first alternative that appears to give an acceptable or satisfactory resolution of a problem.

Accepted Answer

Bounded rationality is choosing the first alternative that appears to give an acceptable or satisfactory resolution of a problem, but it does not mean that it is the best or optimal solution.

Question 2

In decision making, defining a problem involves checking for underlying moral problems that might need ethical analysis.

Accepted Answer

Defining a problem in decision making often includes identifying any underlying moral issues that could require ethical analysis, as understanding the ethical dimensions of a problem is crucial for making informed and responsible decisions.

Question 3

Behavioral decision models view managers as acting in a world of complete certainty.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral decision models assume that managers often act under conditions of uncertainty and bounded rationality, acknowledging that they do not have access to all information or the ability to process all available information perfectly.

Question 4

Accommodation is a conflict management strategy that may be used when an issue is trivial.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Accommodation is a conflict management strategy that...

Question 5

The behavioral decision model allows for an optimizing decision that gives the absolute best solution to a problem.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral decision model, often associated with bounded rationality, suggests that individuals make decisions based on a satisfactory solution rather than an optimal one, due to limitations in information, cognitive resources, and time.

Question 6

The myth of the fixed pie occurs when people become committed to their demands and are reluctant to back down.

Accepted Answer

The myth of the fixed pie refers to the mistaken belief that a negotiation involves a fixed amount of resources that must be divided, implying that one party's gain is necessarily another party's loss, rather than recognizing the potential for creating additional value or finding solutions that benefit all parties.

Question 7

When negotiating for a pay raise, it is important to do research and find out what others make for a similar position inside and outside the organization.

Accepted Answer

Doing research on salaries for similar positions will give you leverage and evidence to support your request for a pay raise.

Question 8

Three criteria for effective negotiation are quality, harmony, and efficiency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three criteria for effective negotiation are quality,...

Question 9

Hard bargaining in distributive negotiation may lead to a win-lose outcome.

Accepted Answer

In distributive negotiation, where the parties view the available resources as fixed and limited, hard bargaining often results in one party winning what the other loses, leading to a win-lose outcome.

Question 10

The behavioral decision model is a five-step process that starts with the recognition and definition of the problem or opportunity and ends with the evaluation of results and any needed follow-up.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Some examples of direct conflict management strategies are managed interdependence, appeals to common goals, upward referral, and altering of scripts and myths.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some examples of direct conflict management strategies...

Question 12

Avoidance involves pretending a conflict does not really exist.

Accepted Answer

Avoidance is a conflict management style where individuals pretend that a conflict does not exist or choose to ignore it in the hopes that it will go away on its own.

Question 13

Lose-lose strategies may result from outright competition or authoritative command where the solution is dictated by an authority figure.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Heuristics is the process of choosing a course of action for dealing with a problem.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Behavioral scientists are cautious about applying the classical decision model to many decision situations because they recognize that human beings have cognitive limitations that restrict their information-processing capabilities.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral scientists argue that the classical decision model, which assumes that individuals have access to all relevant information and can process it rationally to make optimal decisions, does not account for human cognitive limitations. These limitations include bounded rationality, where individuals can only process a limited amount of information, leading to satisficing rather than optimizing decisions.

Question 16

In the classical decision model, a manager faces a clearly defined problem, knows all possible action alternatives and their consequences, and then chooses the alternative that offers the optimum solution to the problem.

Accepted Answer

The classical decision model assumes that managers operate under conditions of certainty, where they have all the necessary information and can thus make the best possible decision by evaluating all alternatives and their outcomes.

Question 17

Optimizing refers to the idea that, while individuals reason well and are logical, they have their limits with respect to interpreting and making sense of things within the context of their personal situations.

Accepted Answer

Optimizing refers to the process of making something as effective or functional as possible. The statement describes bounded rationality, which acknowledges that individuals aim to make rational decisions but are limited by their cognitive and informational constraints.

Question 18

Classical decision models accept the notion of bounded rationality and suggest that people act only in terms of what they perceive about a given situation.

Accepted Answer

Classical decision models assume that individuals have access to all information, can process it without limitations, and make rational decisions, not bounded by perceptions.

Question 19

In the classical decision model, a problem is not clearly defined, knowledge of possible action alternatives and their consequences is limited, and the manager responsible for the decision making chooses a satisfactory solution to the problem.

Accepted Answer

In the classical decision model, it is assumed that the problem is clearly defined, knowledge of all possible action alternatives and their consequences is available, and the manager aims to make a rational, optimal decision based on this information.

Question 20

In arbitration, the neutral third party has the power to issue a binding decision.

Accepted Answer

In arbitration, the neutral third party, also known as an arbitrator, has the power to issue a binding decision. This decision is final and cannot be appealed in a court of law.

Quiz 11: Handle Conflict, Negotiation, and Decision Making