Question 1

An example of a structure contained by the mediastinum is the:

Accepted Answer

The mediastinum is a compartment located in the middle of the chest, between the two lungs. It contains organs and structures such as the heart, the great vessels, the thymus, the trachea, and the esophagus. The brain, stomach, and sternum are not located within the mediastinum, and while the lung is nearby, it is not contained within the mediastinum.

Question 2

Many undergraduate anatomy programs study cats and rats in laboratory settings. Use of these animal is ideal because they are inexpensive and although they are physically smaller, the internal structures are identical to humans.

Accepted Answer

Cats and rats are used in anatomy studies due to their availability and cost-effectiveness, but their internal structures are not identical to humans. They are used to understand basic anatomical and physiological concepts, not as direct human analogs.

Question 3

Both the spleen and the urinary bladder are contained within the pelvic cavity subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Accepted Answer

The spleen is located in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity, while the urinary bladder is located in the pelvic cavity.

Question 4

It has been suggested by some scientists that early exposure to antibiotics significantly change in the makeup of the microbes in the human intestines may increase a person's susceptibility to autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease and asthma.

Accepted Answer

Some studies have found a correlation between early exposure to antibiotics and a higher risk of autoimmune diseases due to changes in gut microbiota. However, more research is needed to establish a concrete link.

Question 5

With regard to biomedical research: It has been found that drugs that are toxic to one mammal species will be toxic to another mammal species.

Accepted Answer

Not all drugs that are toxic to one mammal species are necessarily toxic to another, as different species can have varying metabolic pathways and physiological responses.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true. A and B describe the interdependence of organ systems and the importance of their coordinated activity. C gives a definition of an organism that includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms. D emphasizes the importance of organization for normal function in living things.

Question 7

Whereas a 'plane' describes an imaginary flat surface, a 'section' describes a way to cut an organ.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. A 'plane' is an imaginary flat surface, while a 'section' refers to cutting an organ in a specific direction or way.

Question 8

The kidneys are contained within the pelvic cavity subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space of the abdominal cavity, not the pelvic cavity.

Question 9

With regard to the validity of biomedical research in physiological studies, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

This statement is correct because while there may be similarities in general homeostatic mechanisms among different animal species, the individual variables such as metabolic rate, heart rate, and body temperature can differ significantly. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider the animal species used in biomedical research to ensure valid and applicable results.

Question 10

With regard to biomedical research: Because rats, pigs, apes, and other mammals share over 90% of the same genes as humans, these animals are always good predictors for how humans will respond to a specific drug therapy.

Accepted Answer

While many mammals share a significant percentage of genes with humans, genetic similarity does not guarantee that they will always predict human responses accurately due to differences in physiology, metabolism, and other factors.

Question 11

Positive feedback mechanisms are less common in healthy individuals than negative feedback mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback mechanisms are more common in the body because they help maintain homeostasis by reversing changes to physiological parameters, whereas positive feedback mechanisms amplify changes and are less frequently used in maintaining normal function.

Question 12

A cut through the long axis of an organ is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A cut through the long axis of an organ is a longitudinal section because it is a cut that is made along the length of the organ.

Question 13

Scientists believe that any significant change in the composition of the microbiome of the human integumentary system may increase a person's susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
Early research seems to indicate that any significant change in the profile of the microbiome of the human gut may increase a person's susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. (not the integumentary system)

Accepted Answer

The statement incorrectly attributes the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases to changes in the microbiome of the integumentary system, whereas research primarily focuses on the gut microbiome.

Question 14

A molecular biologist discovers that if a specific drug effectively treats obesity in mice, what can researchers conclude?

Accepted Answer

The discovery that a drug effectively treats obesity in mice is a promising finding, but it does not automatically mean that it will work the same way in humans. This is because mice are not humans, and there may be differences in how their bodies respond to the drug. Therefore, further testing is necessary to determine the drug's efficacy and safety in humans. Choice A is incorrect because assuming that the drug will be effective in humans based solely on its effectiveness in mice is unwarranted. Choice B is also incorrect because it assumes that the drug's effectiveness in mice will translate to a proportional effectiveness in humans, which may not be the case. Choice C is incorrect because it assumes that mice can serve as a direct positive control for humans, which is not necessarily true. Choice E is also incorrect because there may be some similarities in how the drug affects mice and humans, and research is needed to explore these similarities and differences.

Question 15

The plane that cuts the body lengthwise and separates the body into anterior and posterior portions is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of The plane that cuts the body lengthwise...

Question 16

There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are more microbial cells than human...

Question 17

With regard to biomedical research: Rats and humans share over 90% of the same genes.

Accepted Answer

Rats and humans share a significant amount of genetic material, with estimates suggesting over 90% of genes are similar, making rats valuable models for biomedical research.

Question 18

A person lying with his/her face down is said to be in what position?

Accepted Answer

A person lying with his/her face down is said to be in the prone position.

Question 19

The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by a median partition called the sternum.

Accepted Answer

The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by the mediastinum, not the sternum. The sternum is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a term that describes a cut that separates the body into left and right portions?

Accepted Answer

The coronal plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions, not left and right.

Quiz 1: The Human Organism